IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022 - 27

other vehicles. Thus, the malicious node drops
all the incoming traffic instead of forwarding
them to a specific RSU.
TimingAttackA timing attack in intelligent connected
vehicles is a serious attack, where a malicious
vehicle receives time-critical updates and
traffic information and it does not forward the
message to the neighboring vehicles at the right
time instead it includes some false time slots to
the original message to make further delay.
Warmhole Attack In a wormhole attack, two
or more malicious vehicles create a tunnel to
hide the true distance and entice other normal
vehicles to transmit their traffic information
across the malicious vehicles. Also, they start to
absorb the normal flow of messages and cause
traffic conjunction or collaborate with other
malicious nodes.
Sybil Attack In this attack, an attacker or malicious
vehicle generates multiple identities to imitate
multiple vehicles in the IoV network at the
same time. Due to these wrong identities, a
driver or normal vehicle cannot identify the false
position information, transmitted by the malicious
vehicle. Thus, the malicious vehicle creates
chaos among normal vehicles and increases
the huge security risks in the IoV system.
Grayhole Attack In a gray hole attack, the
attacker or malicious vehicle advertises an optimum
route and selectively drops the traffic route
information from a specific set of vehicle nodes
or drops traffic information probabilistically and
forwards all other traffic to a specific RSU.
Illusion Attack In an illusion attack, attackers
collect and alter the readings from the sensors
and RSUs of the IoV system. They generate an illusion
by disseminating false traffic warning alerts
to other neighborhood vehicles based on the current
road conditions. Thus, spreading more illusion
can increase the possibility of traffic jams,
accidents, and reduce the network performance.
Man-in-the Middle Attack In a man-in-themiddle
attack, an attacker or malicious vehicle
intercepts the communication process between
the vehicle and RSU. The malicious vehicle
November/December 2022
modifies the sensor readings, secretly eavesdrops,
and steals personal information. Thus,
the vehicle can inject false information and
secretly relays between two vehicles.
Replay Attack In a replay attack, an attacker
captures the data, sent over the IoV network.
This attacker acts as an original sender and
deceptively delays or repeats the valid transmissions
to misdirect the RSU. Thus, the reply attack
affects the secure communication between a
vehicle and RSU.
Malware Injection Attacks This type of
attack is mostly executed by the attackers to take
control of the driver's or vehicle's information,
stored in an edge server. For this purpose, themalware
software or codes are injected into the running
process to perform malicious activities such
as manipulating or stealing the traffic information.
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR
EDGE-CENTRIC IOV NETWORK
Security are the two significant key requirements
for an edge-centric IoV network due to sharing
critical safety data and computing resources
on the local edge server for further analysis. The
layered architecture components of edge-centric
IoV are shown in Figure 3, which comprises three
distinct layers: 1) vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I),
2) vehicle-to-edge (V2E), and 3) vehicle-to-cloud
(V2C), as depicted in Figure 2. Every layer constitutes
a potential threat and security attack that
can reduce the overall performance of secure
data communication. Different security requirements
of each layer of the IoV system are
described as follows.
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Layer
The first layer consists of various onboard
and traffic monitoring sensors that are connected
to the RSUs or moving autonomous
vehicles. In this layer, the traffic data collected
from the vehicle's sensors and the data received
by the RSUs or other vehicles should be authenticated
in terms of origin, content, and time.
Thus, this layer must satisfy the following security
requirements:
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