IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022 - 34

Security and Privacy in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
Figure 1. Unified framework for data privacy preservation in IoV (DP-differential privacy, LDP-local
differential privacy, LBS-location-based service, AI-artificial intelligence, Info.-information).
which causes possible leakage. We present three
protection schemes as follows.
Encryption-Based Scheme. The scheme
encrypts raw data of vehicles to protect the
security of network communication while
the cloud decrypts the data.
Anonymity-Based Scheme. The scheme modifies
raw data to satisfy some privacy requirements.
For example, multiple different
records are modified to the same ones.
Perturbation-Based Scheme. Perturbation is
one of the most efficient protection techniques,
such as differential privacy (DP) and
local DP (LDP). It provides a strong privacy
standard under a mathematical model.
The cloud receives encrypted, anonymous,
or perturbed data from vehicles. For encrypted
data, they are transmitted by secure 5G communication
and, then, are decrypted to get raw
data for blockchain-based transactions in IoV.
On the other hand, the raw data can be either
anonymized for location-based vehicular services
and anonymous charging and billing or perturbed
for data query and artificial intelligence. The cloud
needs no other protection measures for data
34
anonymized or perturbed by vehicles and directly
uses them for edge/fog computing-based IoV.
ENCRYPTION-BASED SCHEMES
Encryption is a traditional security technique,
which is well suited to protecting the data
of vehicles in multiple applications, including
communication, transaction, and charging.
Blockchain-Based Communication and
Transaction
Blockchain is a collection of systems for storing
data and ensuring that transactions are
secure, trusted, transparent, and traceable. It
has many remarkable and intrinsic characteristics,
such as decentralization, anonymity, and
auditability.3 It has been widely applied to smart
contracts, health care, communication systems,
financial systems, and communication systems.
By making full use of the advantages of blockchain,
the security of many distributed systems
is greatly guaranteed, especially in cloud computing
and Internet of Things. Thus, blockchain
technology has a certain amount of potential to
secure the data of vehicles and guarantee their
privacy in IoV.
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022

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