IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022 - 35

It is natural to ask an important question, i.e.,
in what logic is blockchain suitable for IoV?
Here, we give some possible solutions of blockchain
to secure the data of vehicles. It consists
of two main aspects, including secure architecture
and services with a privacy guarantee. The
first part is to secure vehicular communications
based on blockchain. The research directions
consist of (i) constructing a blockchain-based
network communication to implement trusty
interaction among vehicles and service providers,
(ii) integrating vehicles to provide valueadded
and trusty services by utilizing the unalterable
property of blockchain. The second part
is to (i) utilize smart contracts to implement
robust authentication and authorization of
accessing, sharing, and exchanging data among
connected vehicles, (ii) provide privacy-shielding
services for charging electric vehicles by bitcoin,
and (iii) offer blockchain-based searching
and matching of electric vehicles charging
demander that considers the reputation of
suppliers.
Secure Charging
The smart grid is a modernized electrical
power system to have the advanced functions of
power monitoring and management, which consists
of intelligent charging points.4 However,
some drivers need to pay to charge for electric
vehicles. Therefore, there are two crucial privacy
challenges, including vehicle-to-grid communication
and data collection by charging
points. On the one hand, the malicious adversaries
possibly launch the attack to get information
of network communication. On the other hand,
the third party collects drivers' sensitive information
(e.g., location and payment). However, it
is possible for the third party to utilize side information
to get sensitive information of drivers.
Thus, two cases must adopt efficient measures
to protect communication security for charging.
The possible solutions to guarantee security
and privacy during charging could be (i) designing
a privacy-preserving authentication scheme
using traditional encryption techniques to implement
efficient and secure key establishment and
agreement, (ii) providing an encryption-based
payment mechanism to protect the payment
information from possible leakage. However,
November/December 2022
when the third party is untrusted, the encryption-based
techniques cannot guarantee the
security and privacy of vehicles.
Secure Communication in 5G
5G is an emerging communication technique,
which significantly increases the speed of network
transmission.5 The application of 5G provides
vehicle-to-everything in IoV to support
networking connections among vehicles, sensors,
charging points, and RSUs. On the other
hand, it contributes to the development of driverless
cars, since the communication delay is
greatly reduced. However, it also brings a series
of trust, security, privacy issues toward vehicles.
In particular, there are many malicious attacks,
such as packet analysis/tracing attacks, linkage
attacks, identity revealing attacks, inference
attacks, and deanonymization attacks.
5G brings both opportunities and challenges
for data privacy preservation in IoV. On the one
hand, it greatly decreases communication delay
among vehicles and other devices since it offers
high rates anytime and anywhere. However, on
the other hand, the high mobility of vehicles
with 5G causes the uncertainty of scenes. That
is, for each vehicle, its neighbor vehicles and
sensors change all the time. Therefore, it is an
urgent need for encryption-based privacy
schemes to implement secure protection. Here,
the main focus is on the computational overhead
of vehicles due to their limited capability.
ANONYMITY-BASED SCHEMES
Encryption-based mechanisms do not change
the raw data of vehicles and, thus, do not influence
data utility. However, they only protect the
communication security of vehicles. When the
third party is not trusted, it cannot offer strong
privacy protection. Instead, anonymity-based
schemes modify the raw data to address the
problem, which also causes a certain amount of
data loss.
Anonymous Location-Based Vehicular Services
Location information is one of the most
widely used data in IoV. There are many services
based on the location of vehicles, including GPS
navigation and traffic prediction. Meanwhile,
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - November/December 2022

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