Theme Article: Special Section on Security, Trust and Services for AI-Empowered Sensing in the Next Generation IoT Opportunities and Challenges of Compensation and Governance of Network Neural Ecological Environment Damage in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Dongyue Liu Tianjin University Abstract-The damage to the ecological environment poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of the country's economy, society, and ecological environment. Based on the artificial intelligence era background, the use of the neural network Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2021.3135831 Date ofpublication 15 December 2021; date ofcurrent version 9 February 2023. March/April 2023 Published by the IEEE Consumer Technology Society 2162-2248 ß 2021 IEEE 57