IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2023 - 41

TABLE 1. Features of different IoT domains.
Features
Objective
Use cases
Number of devices
Data generation
Data sovereignty
Data storage
Reliability(Packet
loss rate)
Latency
Security
Visual representation
(digital twins)
Consumer IoT (CIoT)
Industrial IoT (IIoT)
Consumer-oriented
improves the quality of
life
Smart homes, localization,
and health monitoring
Small network of devices
Frequent data, eventbased
High
Decentralized
storage
109
10-100 ms
High requirement
Precise requirement
systems is storing and computing ME-centric
data closer to the source. The conventional
model of processing and storing all these zettabytes
of ME-centric data in the cloud poses significant
energy and bandwidth, costs, speed,
automation, maintenance, and security issues.
Most of the CIoT devices are resource constrained
and need additional computing power
closer to the source instead of a remote data
center.
Interoperability: Data interoperability is a lingering
problem in IoT applications. Massive MEcentric
data are heterogeneous and necessary to
TABLE 2. Challenges from centralized solutions.
Challenges
Causes
Computing and
storage
Interoperability
Latency
Reliability
Scalability
Centralized solutions increase the latency affecting the user experience and security
vulnerabilities
Interoperability issues among CIoT devices due to various data formats
Increased latency levels due to network bandwidth and data intensive applications
Data reliability is a requisite for proper functioning of CIoT applications
Supporting multitude of CIoT devices to integrate ME-centric data
Security and privacy Handling sensitive ME-centric CIoT data and storing privately
Data governance
Massive ME-centric data generated needs auditability
Promotes the ability of
machines improves
production
Monitoring, smart factory,
smart agriculture, logistics
Large number of devices
High volume of data
Medium to high
Centralized and
decentralized
103-105
10-150 ms
High requirement
Conceptual
Commercial IoT
Large commercial places
improves the environment
HVAC systems,
environment monitoring
Large number of devices
High volume of data
Low to medium
Centralized and
decentralized
103 to 105
10-500 ms
Medium requirement
Conceptual
be available over various CIoT applications. For
example, a smart fridge out of milk needs to
update to the shopping list needs a standard
data format to carry out this process autonomously.
We need a semantic ontology to make
CIoT devices understand the data shared from
different domains.4 These semantic standards
can tackle IoT fragmentation by creating interoperability
among various platforms and application
domains.
Latency: Low latency can improve the user
experience in several CIoT use cases. The recent
emergence of new 5G networks paves the way for
May/June 2023
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2023

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