IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - May/June 2023 - 92

Internet of Everywhere and Edge Computing
FIGURE 5. Atomic IoT network and blockchain.
(a) PR: P's portable IoT nw. BR: Lightning
blockchain. (b) PR: Typical IoT nw. BR: Lightning
blockchain. (c) PR: An IoT. BR: Data block.
multichain ecosystem Cosmos is also a layer-two
nononchain solution. Consequently, we employed
Lightning blockchain and adapted it as our blockchain
building block.
Properties of cross-chain and blockchain
described in (30.c) are replaced with values
shown in (30.c.2)
Cross-chain sublayer ¼
fCosmos cross-chainðadaptedÞ
½application; smart contract; Tendermint
consensus; direct-decentralized; data;
½Lightning blockchain ðadaptedÞ
ðapplication; smart contract; proof of
authority; direct-decentralized; dataÞg:
(30.c.2)
SA for Smart City Scenario 1
The derived SA for smart city A is shown in
Figure 4, which is divided into five subfigures.
The smallest IoT/IoRT network is shown in
Figure 5, which was created using the Lightning
blockchain. Moreover, Figure 5(a) and (b) can be
considered the IoE network's atomic representation.
Figures 4 and 5 are prepared based on
(30.c.1) and (30.c.2). Figures 4 and 5 have two representations
from two perspectives: physical
representation (PR) and blockchain representation
(BR). The physical representation or appearance
of a system or its components is referred to
as PR. Furthermore, for the given system or components,
BR stands for blockchain terminology.
SA for the smart city A proposed based on scenario
1 explained the typical family and mobility.
PersonA's family is referred to, and his mobility is
92
described in relation to him and his typical working
day.Figure4depicts thecity'sfive subnetworks
and their geofences. The PR of Figure 4(a)
depicts person A's home and his family's IoT/IoRT
communication network. Each adult maintains
their IoT/IoRT network w.r.t. the PR and atomic
blockchain w.r.t. the BR. All shared/common IoT
and IoRT devices are classified into single or multiple
subnetworks w.r.t. the PR and atomic blockchains
w.r.t. theBR.
Meanwhile, according to the adult's choice,
children's devices are assigned to a single ormultiple
subnetwork. In addition, mobile/portable devices
are classified as an atomic blockchain unit.
Finally, all of person A's family's atomic blockchains
are linked to a single Cosmos cross-chain,
which ismade up of a collection of blockchains.
Figure 4(b) represents the adjacent cellular/
public subnetworkw.r.t. the PR and Cosmos crosschain
w.r.t. the BR, which provides service coverage
to the smart villageand allmobile IoT/IoRT carriers
within its geofence. Once person A leaves his
home geofence, he enters Figure 4(b) subnetwork
coverage. Then, his mobile/portable devices are
transitioning into Figure 5 shown atomic blockchain.
PR of Figure 5(a) represents person A's
mobile device network. BR of Figure 5(a) is atomic
blockchainsmade by IoT/IoRT.
Person A and his mobile/portable devices also
traverse Figure 4(b) and (c) subnetworks to reach
Figure 4(d) subnetwork of his office. In the office
environment, his office IoT/IoRT belongs by
default to the respective department blockchain.
Figure 4(d) office maintains Cosmos cross-chain.
Moreover, person A's personal mobile IoT/IoRT
connects the office Cosmos cross-chain as an
atomic blockchain shown in Figure 5(a). WhenpersonAgoes
to the cafe public subnetwork shown in
Figure 4(e), the same thing happens. All mobile
IoT and IoRT customers connect to the cafeCosmos
cross-chain via their atomic blockchains.
DISCUSSION
This section briefly discusses objectives and
proposed solutions.
Modeling for Smart City A and Reasoning RA
The modeling objective is preparing a general
adaptive model for a smart city cloud platform,
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