IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2024 - 41

1) Initially, we discussed different authentication
and data privacy schemes that had been
used in the literature to ensure the security
of EEC-enabled HC-IoT applications. With
this, we underlined the limitations of the
present literature to set the preprint for
open security challenges.
2) Consequently, we continued our conversation
to familiarize the readers with different
open security challenges that still need the
industry experts and research community's
attention.
3) To address the open security challenges of EECenabled
HC-IoT applications, we spotlighted
potential research directions that could be
secure, communication, and network friendly.
The rest of this article is organized as follows.
The " Realted Work " section presents the current
literature associated with the security concerns of
EEC technology. The " Open Security Challenges "
section encloses the open security challenges that
still need the attention of the community. In the
" Future Research Directions " section, we discuss
the future research directions that can be helpful
in addressing the underscored security challenges
of the EEC technology paradigm, whereas the
" Conclusion " section summarizes and concludes
this article.
RELATED WORK
In this section, we present the different security
threats of EEC-enabled HC-IoT applications
and discuss their counteraction schemes in the
present literature to outline the current efforts
that have been made to ensure the security of
this emerging technology.
To begin, Sedjelmaci et al.3 proposed amachine
learning-enabled-security framework for edge computing
networks utilizing the expert's experience
to counter known and unknown attacks. The
authors also emphasized on to minimize the false
attack detection rate during traffic analysis. But
this process has created traffic congestion, which
causes network overhead and degrades the overall
performance of the network. Sedjelmaci et al.6 further
proposed a multiaccess edge computing
(MEC) framework for IoT applications utilizing federated
learning and generative adversarial network
January/February 2024
algorithms to ensure the security of these applications
against several attacks. Rani et al.7 presented
a detailed survey regarding the security concerns
of wireless communication between edge devices
and decentralized servers. This survey targeted
three communication scenarios to understand the
different security problems of an employed network.
Because the authors only targeted the communication
aspects of these applications, this
article lacks to present a true picture of the security
challenges of IoT applications.
Wang et al.8 proposed a novel software-defined
networking (SDN)-enabled handover authentication
scheme for MEC utilized in cyber-physical
systems. To manage the authentication handover
process effectively in the proposed scheme, the
authors used an authentication module (AM) in
the SDN controller to control the key distribution
in the network. However, the induction of AM
keeps this scheme in a fuzzy state, because it is
very hard to manage heterogeneous networks
with such SDN controllers.
We have explored this topic more comprehensively
in the upcoming sections to familiarize
the readers with possible security threats of the
EEC paradigm and their counteractions. Herein,
Figures 1 and 2, we demonstrated the architecture
diagram of EEC technology followed by different
security threats to set the foundation for
the concerned literature evaluation.
Security Architectures of HC-IoT at the
Edge Layer
In HC-IoT applications, the edge layer offers a
unique platform to design, implement, and execute
different security techniques to address several
vulnerability issues of these applications.
These techniques have the ability to manage
most authentication and data privacy concerns
at the edge layer with better security protection.
Despite this, they are network friendly, because
they do not consume many resources of the HCIoT
devices in terms of complex authentication,
verification, and validation processes.9
To address these concerns, access control
techniques have been used in different IoT applications,
as highlighted in Wang et al.'s work.10
Similarly, Caprolu et al.11
survey articles discussed
different security challenges associated
with the edge computing paradigm by taking
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