IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2024 - 85

FIGURE 3. Authentication Procedure of the ATMAS. The ATMAS consists of four procedures, i.e.,
initialization and enrollment, registration, one-shot authentication, and continuous authentication.
the authentication parameters back to the satellite.
When the satellite receives the message
from the NCC, it first verifies whether the transmission
delay from the NCC to the satellite
meets the requirements. If so, the satellite also
verifies the authentication parameters received
from the NCC. The satellite registration procedure
is considered validated if all checks pass.
For MU registration, we assume that MU and
IoT devices have the ability to collect raw biometric
data. First, the user selects an identity
and a high-entropy password, and utilizes a
fuzzy extractor probabilistic key generation algorithm
to extract the key of biometric information.
The MU uses a hash function to generate
authentication parameters of the combination of
identity, password, and biometric features. The
authentication parameters are transmitted to
the NCC. After receiving the information, the
NCC verifies whether the authentication parameters
are the same as those stored locally. If so,
January/February 2024
the authentication parameters will be calculated
by a hash function and sent to the MU. The MU
authentication procedure is accomplished if the
authentication parameters are validated.
One-Shot Authentication: In this phase,
when the MU requests to access the SAGIN, the
MU must provide the identity information, a
password, and biometric information for a handheld
device. Then, the device generates a timestamp
and obtains the MU's current location. A
hash function is utilized to calculate the key
based on the combination of the above information.
The key is then sent to the satellite through
the BS. After receiving the key, the satellite first
verifies whether the transmission delay is within
the threshold. If not, the MU access request is
denied. Otherwise, the satellite sequentially verifies
the identity, location, password, and biometric
information. If the validation succeeds,
authentication parameters and a timestamp are
generated and transmitted to the MU through
85

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