IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - April 2017 - 111

subsampling, frame rate, compression,
and many other factors, the actual data
rate and storage capacity vary consider-
ably and aren't the same as those listed
in Table 1.

DISTRIBUTION AND
CONSUMER DISPLAYS
Video media can be sent to people all
over the world. In addition to the tech-
nical developments that have enabled
the amazing videos available today,
there are developments making it faster
to repurpose content for an internation-
al audience. A Society of Motion Pic-
ture and Television Engineers media
standard (SMPTE ST 2067-2), called
interoperable master format (IMF), for
the file-based interchange of multiver-
sion finished audiovisual works is an
important element in this capability.
IMF allows multilanguage versions
with subtitles and closed captions,
video inserts, and after-the-fact deliv-
ery of content with supplemental pack-
ages. Using IMF, versions of content
can be tailored to the viewing audi-
ence. Companies such as Disney have
used this capability to rapidly monetize
content tailored to many different mar-
kets and cultures.
In today's world, people watch con-
tent on many different size displays,

from large theater screens to home dis-
plays to tablets and smartphones. All
these different types of displays require
content that is tailored to them. Real-
time transcoding of content to match
the needs of a particular communication
channel and different screen sizes pro-
vides important efficiencies, as these
different content formats may not need
to be stored long for a long time but
rather created more or less as needed.
Higher definition is generally most
noticeable for very large screens or where
the viewer is very close to a screen. Be-
cause the eyes of users of computers and
tablets are generally close to their screens,
some computers and tablets have 4K
resolution screens. For home viewing of
a television (TV) with comfortable
viewing distances (generally more than
5 ft from the screen) the screen size
needs to be more than 60 in on the diag-
onal for the benefits of 4K resolution to
be visible. Thus, it seems that higher
resolution has the greatest value for
smaller screens where the viewer is
close and also for very large screens
where the viewer is some distance away.
Figure 4 shows a plot of the optimal
viewing distances for HD as well as 4K
UDH content.
While resolution perception is a
function of the size of the screen and

24 bpp

16 bpp

12 bpp

10 bpp

8 bpp

FIGURE 3. Increasing color bit depth gives a
more natural look to images (bpp: bits per
pixel). (Images courtesy of Coughlin Associates, based on Cambridge in Color [4].)

Table 1. Example resolution, data rates, and storage capacity requirements for professional
media content (assuming no chroma subsampling).
Format

Resolution
(Width × Height)

Frame Rate (fps)

Data Rates
(Mb/s)

Storage Capacity/
Hour (GB/h)

SDTV (NTSC, 8-b)

720 × 480

~30

31

112

HDTV (1080p, 8-b)
RGB

1,920 × 1,080

24

149

537

UHD-1 4K
(10-b) RGB

3,840 × 2,160

60

1,866

6,718

UHD-2 8K
(12-b) RGB [2]

7,680 × 4,320

120

17,916

64,497

Digital Cinema 2K
(10-b) YUV

2,048 × 1,080

24

199

717

Digital Cinema 4K
(12-b) YUV

4,096 × 2,160

48

1,910

6,880

Digital Cinema 8K
(16-b) YUV

8,192 × 4,320

120

25,480

91,729

APRIL 2017

^

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

111



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