IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - April 2017 - 89

GOOD-BAD © CANSTOCK PHOTO/STUARTMILES,
CHIP COURTESY OF FREEIMAGES.COM/DIMSHIK

Natural Interaction
in Freehand
Pointing
Designing the mapping of interaction space.

By Zhuorui Liang, Xiangmin Xu, and Chunmei Qing

D

istant pointing using freehand is usually
applied in interaction environments where the visual
interface is out of a user's arm reach [1]. One
example is a user sitting on a couch who is controlling a smart television (TV) across the
room. This kind of method is becoming more popular
because of the rapid development of large-screen
intelligent terminals in recent years. The visual freehand pointing technique is one kind of interaction
method using gestures to control the computer.
The earliest freehand pointing system was proposed by Freeman and Weissman [2]. They were the
first to experiment with the idea of using hand tracking as a buttonless mouse to select objects so that the
familiar point-and-click semantics of the mouse can
be used. In recent years, several commercialized
products have been proposed, including Toshiba's
hand gesture control [3], Microsoft's Xbox Kinect [4],
and the Samsung smart TV [5]. All of these systems use
a camera (color or depth camera) to capture and recognize
a user's hand motion, allowing a user to control the system
with their bare hand. The main advantage of freehand pointing is the natural interaction between a user and the terminal
by eliminating the use of the input devices, which can make
the system easier to learn and lower the cognitive load of a
user [6], [7].
Regarding the naturalness of interacting through using a
person's own body without an input device, visual freehand
pointing is regarded as the most intuitive and direct kind of
interaction technique [6]. However, freehand pointing techniques still present usability problems, including fatigue and
poor precision [1], which make freehand pointing a tiresome
and inefficient selection method and affect its naturalness.
2162-2248/17©2017IEEE

IMAGE LICENSED
BY INGRAM PUBLISHING

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2016.2640740
Date of publication: 15 March 2017

APRIL 2017

^

IEEE ConsumEr ElECtronICs magazInE

89



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