IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July 2015 - 36
MUSE (Four Sensors)
TP9, TP10, Fp1, Fp2
Nz
Fp1
AF7
F9
FT9
A1
F7
FT7
T9
T7
TP7
TP9
P9
F5
AF3
F3
Examples:
Fpz
Fp2
AFZ
F1
FZ
Motor Imagery (MI):
F8
F6
F4
F2
C3-Right-Hand MI
AF8
AF4
FC8
FC3
FC1
FCZ
FC2
FC4
FC6
C5
C3
C1
CZ
C2
C4
C6
T8
CP5
CP3
CP1
CPZ
CP2
CP4
CP6
TP8
P7
P1
P3
PO7
PO3
O1
Staalhemel (Eight Sensors)
Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, C3, C4, O1, O2
PZ
P2
POZ
OZ
P4
PO4
C4-Left-Hand MI
EPOC (4 + 9 = 14 Sensors):
FC5
P5
CZ -Foot MI
F10
P6
P8
FT10
T10
TP10
P10
PO8
O2
lZ
AF3, AF4, F3, F4, FC5, FC6, F7, F8
A2
T7, T8, P7, P8, O1, O2 * Instantaneous Excitement
* Long-Term Excitement
* Frustration
* Engagement
* Meditation
INSIGHT (Five Sensors):
AF3, AF4, T7, T8, Pz * Instantaneous Excitement
* Long-Term Excitement
* Stress
* Engagement
* Relaxation
* Interest
* Focus
* Relaxation
* Focus
FIGURE 1. BCI sensor placement to detect EEG based on the international P300 standard.
eMotiv
EPOC (2014)
INSIGHT (2015)
Interaxon
NeuroSky
Muse (2014)
MindWave Mobile (2012)
FIGURE 2. BCI products entering the market.
36 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
^
july 2015
has significantly limited BCI usage in real life. Regardless of
the range of uncertainty, innovative applications have been trialed recently, and BCI headsets (a sample product is shown at
the bottom center in Figure 3, with no commercial endorsement) designed for mass consumption have made inroads for
rehabilitation and learning fun. This accelerated product introduction has been quite strategic in building around an imprecise BCI measurement while creating special effects for
entertainment such as in games and videos. However, before
more headsets and applications become popular, it is helpful
to establish a standardized brainwave databank for identifying
and sharing brain signals from many denominations with the
aim to facilitate an intelligent search down the road. This standardization effort would represent a broader collaboration
between software and neuroscience leading to treatments for
brain-related sickness, rehabilitation, and wellness, and probably furthering brain-triggered marketing and privacy protection. The new approach to standardization is illustrated in the
gold stream in Figure 3.
The conventional digital signal processing algorithms
based on statistics, complex mathematical transformation,
and estimation tend to be agnostic, reaching a performance
limit. Entrepreneurs have not been shy with this technology
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