IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - July 2016 - 90
Citizen Actuation for
Smart Environments
Evaluating how humans can play a part
in smart environments.
By David N. Crowley, Edward Curry, and John G. Breslin
C
isco defines the internet of everything
(IoE) as the networked connection of people, processes, data, and things [1]. This
goes beyond the concept of the Internet of
Things (IoT) of connected devices alone
transforming the way people live their lives. It is
through this combination of people, processes, data,
and things that the future of many fields in computing (such as smart cities) can be realized. Smart
environments are physical worlds interwoven with
sensors, actuators, displays, and computational elements, embedded seamlessly into everyday objects
and connected through a continuous network [2]. A
smart city/environment, by definition, needs a modern technological backbone but also relies on the
natural resources of its inhabitants. The intersection
of people, processes, and things is the area explored
in this research. Things and people are combining to
enable smart environments to become smarter, and
smarter here is defined as optimizing/improving the
environment's use of resources or the occupant's
comfort. In parallel to research into the IoE, there is
also a history of research into embedded systems,
and this has evolved into cyber-physical systems
(CPSs) and now cyber-physical social systems
(CPSSs). The main difference between CPSs and
IoT systems lies in the fact that IoT systems are
aimed at interconnecting all the things in the physical world, while CPSs sense the physical world but
are normally closed-loop systems [3].
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2016.2556918
Date of publication: 10 August 2016
90 IEEE ConsumEr ElECtronICs magazInE
^
JULY 2016
2162-2248/16©2016IEEE
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