IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - October 2015 - 87

JPEG
MPEG-2
VCEG

Do we need
a new video
coding standard?

JPEG 2000
MPEG-4

Before the
Big Bang
image courtesy of freeimages.com/pramood k. mahanand

By Euee S. Jang

T

he necessity of a new video coding standard
has been discussed since 2014. This may be the
right time for us to ask ourselves if we need a new
codec since we already have a handful of codecs in
the market. Standardized in 1992, the JPEG standard has been the most successful standard in the acquisition, archiving, transmission, and display of still pictures.
Including JPEG 2000, new image coding standards with
performances substantially better than JPEG have appeared.
Still, the market has proved that JPEG is the winner no matter what. Can this analogy be extended to video codecs?
MPEG and VCEG jointly finished the latest video coding
standard for high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) just a
year ago. What could the new requirements be if a new
video coding standard is necessary when the latest standard
HEVC outperforms the existing video coding standards by
more than 30% in compression? In this article, I have summarized what the different stakeholders within MPEG, from

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCE.2015.2463295
Date of publication: 29 October 2015

2162-2248/15©2015IEEE

standards experts to market leaders, believe necessary to
initiate a new standardization activity.
To date, MPEG-2 is the most successful video coding
standard. MPEG-2 is the video codec used as a standard
video format in digital televisions (TVs) in most countries. It
is used not only in terrestrial TV broadcasting but also in
cable TVs, IPTVs, and DVD players. However, MPEG-2 is
not the most efficient codec in compression efficiency. If it
does not have the highest compression efficiency, then what
made MPEG-2 the most successful codec in history?
The secret lies in the fact that MPEG-2 was approved as
an international standard in 1995. Before the 1990s, there
was no standard video codec in use because all the videorelated markets were analog not digital. MPEG-1 was standardized in 1992, but it was not good enough to fit into a
4 Mb/s bandwidth. In 1993, the Internet was commercialized.
DVDs and digital TVs came next, and MPEG-2 came as the
one and only solution to the market.
Three standards-MPEG-2, AVC, and HEVC-were
developed over 20 years, separating one another by roughly
ten years. Many other proprietary codecs also emerged in
the market.
october 2015

^

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine

87



http://www.freeimages.com/pramood

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