42° N 39° N 36° N Legend California Cropland Selected Pixel 1000km 100 200300 400 30° N 123° W 120° W 117° W (a) 1 1 1 1 5 2011 100 20 40 60 80 2011 2012 2013 (c) FIGURE 7. (a) The distribution of cropland in California, according to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer International Geosphere-Biosphere Program land cover classification. (b) A time series of the normalized VOD, NDVI, SM, and LST, as well as the SMADI index [57] obtained at the selected pixel. The SMADI extreme drought category is marked with an orange horizontal line. (c) The percentage of the area in California that is in U.S. drought monitor [58] categories. Figure 7(a) was generated with QGIS [79]. DECEMBER 2021 IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE 201 2014 2015 D0 Abnormally Dry D1 Moderate Drought D2 Severe Drought D3 Extreme Drought D4 Exceptional Drought 2012 2013 (b) 2014 2015 114° W 33° N SMADI LST SM NDVI VOD