IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - December 2023 - 130

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
ASTER Free Availability
(2009)
Landsat
(1972 to Current)
Landsat Free Availability
(2008)
SPOT
(1998-2004)
1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
2005 2010 2015 2020
FIGURE 3. The number of TC studies from 1980 onwards and the timeline of the primarily
used satellite sensors. Years of free availability of Landsat and ASTER GDEM images were
also presented.
well represented relative to the size of
their mountainous areas. There has
been relatively little research in Oceania,
South and Central America, and
Africa. Meanwhile, the distributions
of elevations for their study areas (except
for the national- or global-scale
studies) as presented in the literature
and global mountainous areas are
also depicted in Figure 4. The results
indicated that the average elevation
of the study sites (1,298 m) is slightly
lower than that of the global mountains
(1,467 m). Most studies were conducted
at low elevations, ranging
from 0 to 1,000 m.
Similarly, research output and
research focus were not evenly distributed
(see Figure 5). The research
produced by China (N = 529; 32.9%)
Legend
Study Sites
Locations of Studies
Number of Topographic Normalization Studies
4-10
11-22
1-3
23-38
39-105
Elevation (m)
FIGURE 4. The geographic distribution of the selected studies. Blue shading indicates a mountainous area based on the GMBA Mountain
Inventory from [57]. The bottom-left inset shows the frequency distributions of elevations for study sites and global mountainous areas.
The dashed lines represent the average elevation.
130
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE DECEMBER 2023
Global Mountains
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Number of Studies
Frequency

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - December 2023

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