IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2015 - 50

IV. CONCLUSION
With all these above-mentioned missions, CNES has successfully contributed to the emergence of operational Earth
Observation infrastructure, which is implemented through
the Copernicus and Eumetsat programs.
CNES will pursue these efforts with various objectives,
including maintaining the French competences, improving
performance, gaining access to new kinds of measurements
and reducing the overall costs of space observatories.
Concerning very high resolution imaging, innovative
concepts were studied to improve the access delay (down to
3 hours) or to supply the internet mass market (the Earth
mapped every day with one metre resolution).
New space missions studies have been conducted and
some of these missions appear to be good candidates to prepare for new operational services:
◗ a low cost passive CO2 measurement on a microsatellite
to map the sources and sinks of CO2,
◗ a high revisit thermal infrared mission with a decametric resolution to measure evapotranspiration, detect water stress and manage water resources,
◗ an ocean color mission from the geostationary orbit for
measurements of marine ecosystems' diurnal cycles.
Finally new types of measurement techniques are considered, such as lidar altimetry for 3D mapping of coastal
areas and vegetation structure or innovative radar instrument for ocean surface current measurement.
Regular French Scientific Prospective Seminars [23]
enable to identify new ideas and priorities. Prospective
new missions are studied according to the recommendations of the CNES Scientific Programs Committee by a
specific office (PASO: Plateau d'Architecture des Systèmes
Orbitaux) using a Concurrent Design Facility. To prepare
future space programmes CNES has an ongoing Research
and Technology Programme and a Demonstrators Programme which cover all the different techniques involved
in Earth Observation space systems.
V. REFERENCES
[1] CNES Space Scientific Mission. [Online]. Available: http://smsc.
cnes.fr/html-images/HomeGB.html
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[4] P. Ferrier, P. Crebassol, G. Dedieu, O. Hagolle, A. Meygret, and F.
Tinto, "VENµS (Vegetation and ENvironment monitoring on a
New Micro Satellite)," in Proc. 4S (Small Satellites Systems Services)
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[5] L.-L. Fu, D. Alsdorf, E. Rodriguez, R. Morrow, N. Mognard, J. Lambin, P. Vaze, and T. Lafon, "The SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean
Topography) mission: Spaceborne radar interferometry for
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[6] H. M. J. P. Barre, B. Duesmann, and Y. H. Kerr, "SMOS: The Mission and the System," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 46,
no. 3, pp. 587-593, Mar. 2008.

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[7] J. Lambin, R. Morrow, L.-L. Fu, J. K. Willis, H. Bonekamp, J. Lillibridge, J. Perbos; G. Zaouche, P. Vaze, W. Bannoura, F. Parisot,
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Murthy, J. G. Richman, D. Griffin, A. Pascual, F. Rémy, and P. K.
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[9] C. Tison, T. Amiot, D. Hauser, P. Castillan, N. Corcoral, L. Rey, V.
Enjolras, and J. Lambin, "Monitoring of wave fields with SWIM
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[10] C. Crevoisier, C. Clerbaux, V. Guidard, T. Phulpin, R. Armante, B. Barret, C. Camy-Peyret, J.-P. Chaboureau, P.-F. Coheur,
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C. Pierangelo, P. Sellitto, and C. Stubenrauch, "Towards IASINew Generation (IASI-NG): Impact of improved spectral resolution and radiometric noise on the retrieval of thermodynamic, chemistry and climate variables," Atmos. Meas. Tech., vol. 7,
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[11] F. Paoli and J. Blouvac, "CALIPSO: A small satellite in low earth
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[12] N. Karouche and G. Raju, "Megha-Tropiques satellite mission:
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[13] C. Stephan, M. Alpers, B. Millet, G. Ehret, P. Flamant, and
C. Deniel, "MERLIN: A space-based methane monitor," presented at the Proc. SPIE Optics Photonics Conf., 'Lidar Remote
Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XII,' San Diego, CA, Aug.
21-25, 2011, vol. 8159, Paper 815908.
[14] J.-M. Léger, T. Jager, F. Bertrand, G. Hulot, L. Brocco, P. Vigneron,
X. Lalanne, A. Chulliat, and I. Fratter, "In-flight performance
of the absolute scalar magnetometer vector mode on board the
swarm satellites," in Proc. 12th Generation Int. Geomagnetic Reference Field, 2015.
[15] Contibution du spatial face aux enjeux de l'eau. [Online]. Available: http://swot.aval-cnes.com/programme.html
[16] French "pôles de compétitivité. [Online]. Available: http://
competitivite.gouv.fr/
[17] Theia Land Data Center. [Online]. Available: http://www.
theia-land.fr/en
[18] Altimetry Portal. [Online]. Available: http://www.aviso.
altimetry.fr/en/home.html
[19] ICARE Thematic Center. [Online]. Available: http://www.icare.
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[21] Sold Earth Data Center. [Online]. Available: http://www.
poleterresolide.fr/
[22] International Charter Space & Major Disasters. [Online]. Available: https://www.disasterscharter.org/
[23] Actes du séminaire de prospective scientifique de La Rochelle.
[Online]. Available: http://www.cnes.fr/web/CNES-fr/11173st-actes-et-presentations.php
grs

ieee Geoscience and remote sensing magazine

june 2015
http://swot.aval-cnes.com/programme.html http://smsc http://http:// http://www.cnes.fr/html-images/HomeGB.html http://competitivite.gouv.fr/ http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/ http://www http://www.theia-land.fr/en http://www http://www.aviso http://www.pleiades2014.com/ http://www.altimetry.fr/en/home.html http://www.icare http://www.univ-lille1.fr/ http://www.pole-ether.fr/ http://www http://www.poleterresolide.fr/ https://www.disasterscharter.org/ http://www.cnes.fr/web/CNES-fr/11173
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2015
