IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2019 - 111

finding shows that explosive-treated plants have a significantly different spectral response than plants exposed to
natural stress. However, this influence could not be detected solely by calculating the shift of the red edge of vegetative spectra [68].
Detection of buried landmines using thermal hyperspectral images was also investigated recently [69], [70]. The
main rationale behind the detection in these wavelengths
is that the exposure of subsurface soil during burying
changes the physical and chemical properties of the surface
soil [71]. Results from several measurements clearly indicated a change in the spectra of the quartz particles [72]-
[74]. As shown in Figure 10, the spectral feature near 9.5 μm
shows a significant shift in wavelength and broadening due
to the water molecules in the underground soil. A spectral

suppression of the quartz doublet features (i.e., 8.5-8.9 μm)
may also be observed.
The detection of buried landmines using LWIR was
found to be most effective when applying thermal AD before employing spectral- and spatial-based processing [72],
[75], [76]. The limitation of a single scene in this wavelength
requires the use of higher-order decision fusion to achieve
target/clutter discrimination (i.e., fusion of thermal, textural, and spectral information) [61], [69]. The fusion of data
from different spectral ranges [78] and the use of short,
multitemporal scenes [76] produce better segmentation of
buried landmines against background, irrespective of illumination or thermal conditions.
This assumption is shown in Figure 11. Four small (6.5 #
8 # 0.25 in) improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were buried

150 cm

Sensor

FOV

T15

T2

T5
45 cm

Undisturbed
Area

T10

Undisturbed Area

T5

T2: 2 cm
T5: 5 cm
T10: 10 cm
T15: 15 cm

250 cm
T10

T15

T2

(a)

(b)

SC1: 7 h 55 s

SC2: 9 h 10 s

CC Sequence: 2/3

CC Sequence: 2/4

SC3: 10 h 50 s

SC4: 12 h

CC Sequence: 2/5

QCC: Sequence 2 ... 5

(c)

(d)
FIGURE 11. TELOPS images of buried IEDs using hyperspectral scenes. (a) The target site and location of buried targets; (b) the camera FOV;
(c) the four temporal HSI scenes (8.5 µm); and (d) the detection results of the chronochrome (CC) and class-conditional (QCC) changedetection algorithms (in red). FOV: field of view. SC: scene.
JUNE 2019

IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE

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IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2019

Contents
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