IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 57

constraints ,C which can be generalized by optimizing the
following minimization problem:
mi () ..s t
X
n f2
1
XX ,C
!
(2)
where X is the to-be-estimated variable, which can be defined
as a vector (1D signal), a matrix (2D image), or an
unfolded matrix (3D HS image). The constraints C could
be sparsity-promoting variants, low rank, total variation
(TV), and others, which need to be determined by the
specific tasks.
Unlike convex models, there exist many local minimums
in nonconvex models. This poses a big challenge
for finding globally optimal solutions. For possible solutions
to nonconvex methods, one strategy is to relax the
Image Restoration
DR
Solar (Lighting Source)
Passive RS
Optimal Dimension
Curse of Dimensionality
HS Satellite (or Sensor)
Classification
Performance Versus Feature Dimensionality
Forests Rocks Grass
Built-Up Area
Dimensionality (Number of Features)
Noise
Stripe
(a)
Data Fusion and Enhancement
Cloud
Ideal HSI
Ground Truth Subspace Features
(b)
HSI
Wavelength
Wavelength
Mixed Pixel
Pure Pixel
Wavelength
Pure Pixel
30 m
GSD
5 m
GSD
5 m
GSD
HSI
MSI
(c)
FIGURE 3. Five promising topics in HS RS, including (a) image restoration, (b) DR and classification, (c) data fusion and enhancement, (d) SU, and
(e) CML. HSI: HS imaging; MSI: MS imaging; GSD: ground-sampling distance; MML: multimodality learning. (continued)
JUNE 2021 IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE
57
Fused Data
Classification Performance

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021

Contents
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - Contents
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 2
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 3
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 4
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 5
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 6
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 7
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 8
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 9
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 10
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 11
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 12
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 13
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 14
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 15
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 16
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 17
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 18
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 19
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 20
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 21
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 22
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 23
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 24
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 25
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 26
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 27
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 28
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 29
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 30
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 31
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 32
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 33
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 34
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 35
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 36
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 37
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 38
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 39
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 40
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 41
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 42
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 43
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 44
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 45
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 46
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 47
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 48
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 49
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 50
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 51
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 52
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 53
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 54
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 55
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 56
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 57
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 58
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 59
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 60
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 61
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 62
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 63
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 64
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 65
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 66
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 67
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 68
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 69
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 70
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 71
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 72
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 73
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 74
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 75
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 76
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 77
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 78
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 79
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 80
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 81
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 82
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 83
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 84
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 85
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 86
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 87
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 88
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 89
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 90
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 91
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 92
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 93
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 94
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 95
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 96
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 97
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 98
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 99
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 100
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 101
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 102
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 103
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 104
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 105
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 106
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 107
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 108
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 109
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 110
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 111
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 112
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 113
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 114
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 115
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 116
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 117
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 118
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 119
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 120
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 121
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 122
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 123
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 124
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 125
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 126
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 127
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - 128
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - June 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_september2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_june2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/geoscience_march2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com