IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020 - 110

[Figure 11(a)] and masonry [Figure 11(b)] buildings located
on different typified landslides within the Lungro area.
These data were used by Peduto et al. [38] to generate
both fragility and vulnerability curves for single buildings located in landslide-affected areas. These curves
were generated for only 37 masonry structures covered
by at least two DInSAR benchmarks (in both the Envisat
and COSMO-SkyMed data sets) and exhibited all of the
different damage levels (i.e., from D1 to D5) considered in
the analysis. These masonry buildings belong to a group
of typical elements in the urban area of Lungro that share
key features, such as age, structural and foundation typology, number of floors, and footprint area. The obtained

Age: 1970-1985; Floors: 3
Structural Typology: RC

(a)

Age: <1920; Floors: 3
Structural Typology: Masonry

(b)

(c)

592,800

593,400

594,000

4,400,500
4,400,000

Age: <1920; Floors: 3
Structural Typology: Masonry

594,600

Damage Level
D0 (Negligible)
D1 (Very Slight)
D2 (Slight)
D3 (Moderate)
D4 (Severe)
D5 (Very Severe)
Typified Landslides
T_A1
T_A2
T_B1
T_B2
T_C
T_D

4,400,500

Age: 1920-1945; Floors: 2
Structural Typology: Masonry

4,400,000

The DInSAR-derived intensity parameter was assumed
as the differential settlements [38], [39], [132], [135], which
were computed for each building as the maximum difference of the cumulative settlements recorded by the DInSAR
benchmarks within its perimeter, as shown in Figure 10(a).
Moreover, for the period of February 2010-October 2012,
when DInSAR data were lacking, a constant velocity value
equal to the one associated to the longest available data set
(i.e., Envisat) was assumed.
In phase 4, combining the DInSAR-derived intensity parameter with the results of the damage survey for each exposed building allowed retrieval of the relationship between
differential settlements and the level of damage for both RC

(e)

4,399,500
3%

RC Buildings
6% 14%

9%
14%

592,800

54%

Masonry Buildings
8%
8%
16%
40%
11%

17%
593,400

0

250

500
(m)

594,000

4,399,000

Age: 1980-1995; Floors: 5
Structural Typology: RC

4,399,000

4,399,500

(d)

594,600

(f)

FIGURE 9. The damage severity levels (a) D1, (b) D2, (c) D3, (d) D4, and (e) D5 recorded on the surveyed building facades in the Lungro

urban area. (f) Also shown is their distribution based on building typology (RC and masonry buildings) and some examples (labeled with
the circles on the map) of observed crack patterns (modified from [39]).

110

IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE

MARCH 2020



IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020

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