IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020 - 28

DETAILED TIME-SERIES INTERFEROMETRIC
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR TECHNIQUES
PERSISTENT SCATTERER INTERFEROMETRY
PSI is the oldest and most popular time-series InSAR technique used. Its processing chain is as follows.
First, select SAR images acquired at different times in
the same study area, and identify PSs based on ADI (lower
than 0.25). Strictly speaking, the PSs identified here are actually PS candidates (PSCs), so it is necessary to eliminate

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satisfy constraints and cannot obtain effective estimates.
IPTA introduced a blocked star network to solve this problem,
as illustrated in Figure 9(b). The points in each block connect
only with the reference point in the block, and the adjacent
blocks are connected by reference points between the blocks.
In [59] and [47], the authors use the blocked processing-based
method. In addition, there are methods for using the minimum spanning tree network [60] and triangulation [8], [62],
as presented in Figure 9(c) and (d).

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space (azimuth, range, and time) are also proposed. For
example, using the multibaseline InSAR phase unwrapping methodology-based terrain deformation estimation
approach (MTDA) [57], the relationship between terrain
height, deformation, and absolute phase is established first.
The residues are recalculated, and the polarity of a residue
can be any integer (rather than just +1, −1, and 0 using the
traditional method [58]). Then, the L1-norm model is chosen to obtain the absolute phase of each interferogram. This
method overcomes the limitation of the phase-continuity
assumption and improves the accuracy of phase unwrapping. The final deformation information among interferograms can be obtained from the difference between their
absolute phases.
How best to connect PSs and/or DSs to form a reference
network is also a challenge with the time-series InSAR technique. PSI uses only a simple star network; i.e., all PSs are connected to a reference point, as shown in Figure 9(a). However,
this method can deal only with small areas. In large scenarios,
points with large distances from reference points no longer

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(c)

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(b)

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(d)

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FIGURE 9. The reference network construction for PSs and/or DSs. A (a) star network, (b) blocked star network, (c) minimum spanning tree

network, and (d) Delaunay network.
28

IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE

MARCH 2020



IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020

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