IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020 - 66

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

Number of Publications

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2D imaging. This monitoring is a 2D approximate projection of a real 3D scene. To achieve more detailed and
intuitive monitoring, an important technological development direction is determining how best to use advanced aperture-synthesized radar imaging technology
(and even combine multiband and multipolarization
radar technology) to construct an effective 3D imaging
system that allows reconstruction of the real 3D scene
intuitively and accurately with stereo deformation.

Year

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Landsides
Buildings
Imaging Algorithm
Interferometry Algorithm
APS
System Introduction
Volocanoes
Review
Terrain Mapping
Snow Cover
Trees/Vegetation
Mines
Glaciers
Bridges
Soil
Dams
Polarized SAR
Ship Wrecks
Piers
Rail Phase Error

Percentage of Publications

FIGURE 40. The number of papers published on GB-DInSAR
through December 2019.

FIGURE 41. A classification of GB-DInSAR papers published
through December 2019.

For the future development GB-DInSAR, the following
points must be considered:
◗◗ From the perspective of system engineering, GB-DInSAR pays more attention to the pursuit of lightweight,
portable systems; the pursuit of a larger observation field
of view to expand the coverage of the monitoring airspace; and the real-time and fast response of monitoring
for early warning.
◗◗ From an application point of view, for the monitoring
of complex surface-covering scenarios such as the slope
monitoring of bare soil mines and mountain glaciers, to
solve the impact of monitoring results such as vegetation and snow cover, current GB-DInSAR mainly uses
the Ku band. Conversely, spatial resolution and the penetration of vegetation, snow, and ice are taken into consideration to obtain the deformation of the real terrain
surface. With the GB-DInSAR system construction and
data processing technology, multiband and even polarization combinations are further considered to reduce
the impact of vegetation, snow, and ice on monitoring.
◗◗ From the perspective of technological development,
current GB-DInSAR technology is primarily based on
66

CONCLUSIONS
In this article, we introduced the imaging system configuration and signal processing algorithms of GB-DInSAR. Then
we described the complete processing procedures, typical
systems, and application examples of differential interferometric deformation estimation. We discussed two scanning
modes of the GB-DInSAR system and analyzed the advantages of the arc scanning mode over the linear scanning
mode using the corresponding imaging geometries and signal models. Researchers can therefore have a clear understanding of the GB-DInSAR system's principles.
Next, the stepped-frequency and FMCW systems commonly used in GB-DInSAR systems were introduced, and a
future development trend (e.g., MIMO) was described. On
this basis, the GB-DInSAR imaging algorithms in the time
domain, range-Doppler domain, and frequency domain
were briefly examined. The characteristics of these algorithms and their applications for different scanning modes
were also analyzed. Furthermore, the differential interferometric processing processes, that is, phase filtering, phase
unwrapping, and atmospheric phase correction, were described in detail.
In addition to its principle and algorithms, we further
summarized classical GB-DInSAR systems using a comparison of different system parameters and performance.
Following that, we showed the typical applications of GBDInSAR systems as well as monitoring examples in different scenarios, i.e., APS compensation and monitoring of
landslides, glaciers, and volcanoes. Finally, the challenges
and future directions of the application of GB-DInSAR
technology were, respectively, discussed and predicted.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Yanping Wang (wangyp@ncut.edu.cn) received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the Beijing Institute of
Technology, China. In 2004, he received a doctorate from
the Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. He is currently a professor and researcher at
the North China University of Technology, Beijing. His research interests focus on ground-based differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar imaging and deformation
monitoring. He is a Member of the IEEE.
Wen Hong (whong@mail.ie.ac.cn) received her bachelor's and master's degrees from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, in 1990 and 1993 and her
Ph.D. degree from Beijing University of Aeronautics and
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE

MARCH 2020

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020

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