IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020 - 94

Another key advance in sensor development for DInSAR
applications over large areas is associated with the adoption
of the standard acquisition mode named Terrain Observation
of Progressive scans SAR (TOPSAR) [65] on the ESA Sentinel1A and -1B [66] sensors, launched in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The TOPSAR imaging mode allows the coverage
range to be increased by up to 400 km at the expense of spatial resolution loss, but the latter fact, again, is unfavorable
for monitoring slope instabilities. Sentinel-1 has also reduced
the revisiting time to 12 days (six days with both satellites):

VHR X-band sensors achieve similar or even slightly better
revisiting times, although not reaching the Sentinel-1 global
coverage capabilities. Also, in the case of Sentinel-1, the orbital tube is limited, and, therefore, there is a reduced sensitivity to height, thus limiting the localization of the monitored
pixels over buildings.
More effective disaster monitoring, both in the assessment and response phases, has been possible with
second-generation spaceborne SAR. This has led to superior capabilities in tracking dynamic changes of physical

KOMPSAT-5
PAZ-1
TANDEM-X
X Band

TERRASAR-X
CSG
COSMO-SKYMED-4
COSMO-SKYMED-3
COSMO-SKYMED-2
COSMO-SKYMED-1

GAOFEN-3
RISAT-1
RADARSAT CM
C Band

RADARSAT-2
RADARSAT-1
SENTINEL-1B
SENTINEL-1A
ENVISAT
ERS-2
ERS-1
TANDEM-L

L Band

NISAR
SAOCOM-1B
SAOCOM-1A

JERS-1

ALOS-1

ALOS-2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Today
FIGURE 1. The temporal evolution of satellite SAR missions.

94

IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE

MARCH 2020



IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - March 2020

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