IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2019 - 101

Although exploration and development of deep mineral resources are growing rapidly in China, noncoal mines also require the advance technology. Hence, to do an intensive and
comprehensive study of mine electrical prospecting methods
for advance detection to promote the development of theory,
technology, and equipment, it is of great importance to promote the application in underground coal or noncoal mines.

distribution map because the passage of the electromagnetic
waves is blocked by the large area of the fault, which formed
a large-ranging energy shadow. However, on the phase distribution map, the combination relation of the two faults has a
clear representation [see Figure 6(b)].

OTHER METHODS
Lin et al. [29] introduced magnetic resonance sounding
DEVELOPMENT TREND OF MINE
(MRS) into underground coal mines initially for detecting
RESISTIVITY METHODS
water-bearing structures in front of heading faces. MRS can
The difficulties of mine-resistivity methods include efficientbe used to measure the abundance of nuclear hydrogen in
ly increasing the detection distance and accurately identifygroundwater, which provides a new way for directly detecting
ing the interference between different geological anomalies
hidden water bodies as a way to prevent and control coal mine
because of the whole-space effect. The prominent question
water disasters. Recently, important progress has been made
is how to overcome the problem of low measurement efin the following areas: the advance-detection theory of MRS
ficiency and break through the constraint of working-space
in underground space, study of the excitation field, numerical
limitations. Several suggestions have been proposed.
simulation of the advance-detection response of MRS, detecFirst, as the theory and numerical modeling techniques of
tion technology for small multiturn coils and its whole-space
resistivity methods have matured to the point that the boundprocessing and inversion methods, noise suppression methary conditions and mesh grids can be precisely set up to
ods, and joint measurements of MRS and MTEM in complex
match the requested conditions in the case of a whole space
geological environments [29], [110]-[112].
(including the roadway and goaf), the arrangement of source
Early in 1975, Chongqing CCTEG cooperated with the
and measurement electrodes and the measurement organizaChengdu Institute of Telecommunications Engineering to
tion can be optimized by 3D numerical modeling studies on
carry out research on mine GPR. By the end of 1994, the
the response of geoelectrical bodies in different orientations.
KDL-3 mine GPR system was developed by Chongqing
Second, in the past 20 years, the revolutions of computer
CCTEG, which carried out several tests with the Chongzhou
and automation technologies have put 2D- and 3D-imaging
coal mining bureau and Zhongliang coal mining bureau. In
systems in the mainstream of electrical resistivity instruments
the same period, antiexplosion GPR systems were developed
in the world. Future mine-based dc resistivity methods
by the Beijing Coal Mining Research Institute and CUMT
should focus on monitoring rather than detection. With the
(Beijing) [113]. The forward-modeling algorithm, especially
acceleration of data sampling, the in situ distributed network
for mine GPR, was developed by CUMT [114], [115]. In resystem for resistivity measurement may be built up by the kernel
cent years, Chongqing CCTEG and CUMT (Beijing) have
technique of the intelligent electrode system. It is optimistically
made breakthroughs in advance detection with the mine
GPR system, which has been gradually applied in the advance detection
of the drilling face [27], [28], [116].
The Incident
The Incident

SEPTEMBER 2019

Wavelength: 150 m

v/m
0.22

0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

100

0.1

120

0.08

140

0.06

160

0.04

180

0.02

200

Roadway Length (m)

Wavelength: 150 m

CHALLENGES AND
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
The development of mine-based geophysical methods and instruments
is constrained by the limited underground working space and the restrictive antiexplosion requirements
of equipment. The whole-space and
roadway effects on the field distribution are special and inherent problems with all kinds of mine-based
geophysical methods, and offer challenges to measurement, data processing and geologic interpretation. There
is a potential need for efficient mine
electrical prospecting methods, as
hundreds or thousands of coal mines
in China still face serious issues of inundation and other geological disasters.

rad
0
-1

60
80

-2

100
-3

120
140

-4

160
-5

180
200

20 40 60 80 100 120
Working Plane Width (m)
(a)

20 40 60 80 100 120
Working Plane Width (m)
(b)

FIGURE 6. The simulation of electromagnetic wave tomography in the context of composite

faults parallel to a roadway.

IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE

101

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2019

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