IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2021 - 138

Deriving Ocean
Surface Currents
CHENG-CHIEN LIU
A method using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager hourly data
T
racking the movement of natural surface features across
the time intervals between successive images has gained
widespread acceptance for mapping ocean surface currents
(OSCs). The 500-m and 1-h spatiotemporal resolutions of
the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), launched
in 2010, are ideal for observing the dynamics of mesoscale
eddies and the diurnal changes dominated by tides. All
reported works to date, however, are limited to a few occasions
when there were cloudless skies and
pixel-level accuracy. As a result, the abundant
GOCI hourly data have not been put into an
operational service to derive OSCs. This article
revisits ocean feature detection and tracking
techniques to discuss the development
of a satellite image-matching system (SIMS).
The results show that a SIMS can detect and
track features from two consecut ive GOCI
images to approximately a 0.25-pixel level of
accuracy in the presence of variable gaps due
to land and clouds. Suspicious vectors can
be ruled out by initially using size-irrelevant
filtering and majority filtering methods with
minimum preset thresholds. The products of
pathlines and streamlines derived from GOCI
hourly data make it possible to gain a better
understanding of OSCs, both qualitatively
and quantitatively.
FEATURE DETECTION AND TRACKING
Before the 1950s, " satellite oceanography "
would have had no rational meaning for marine
scientists [20]. The launch of Sputnik, in
1957, provoked many discussions and concerns
about what one could do from this new
perspective of Earth. However, it was not until
color photographs of the ocean were successfully
taken from the manned Gemini and
Apollo earth orbital missions that ocean color
images were considered a means of assessing
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MGRS.2021.3074533
Date of current version: 20 May 2021
138 0274-6638/21©2021IEEE
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 2021
parameters of oceanographic interest [35]. Soon after the
successful launch of the first Earth observation satellite,
Landsat-1 (originally named Earth Resources Technology Satellite
1), the potential for the use of optical imagery in
monitoring ocean currents was reported [18]. An abrupt
change in the surface roughness, resulting from the opposition
of waves propagating against the flow of the Gulf
Stream, was observed in one image taken by the Advanced

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2021

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