IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2021 - 3

FROM THE EDITOR
BY JAMES L. GARRISON
Welcome to the September Issue
W
elcome to the September 2021 issue of IEEE Geoscience
and Remote Sensing Magazine (GRSM)! We
have a number of feature articles in this issue, covering
topics ranging from a tutorial on synthetic aperture radar
(SAR) beamforming, to a review of the Earth-observation
constellation, to several articles on techniques for
processing various types of remote sensing data. These
will be followed by a report on our annual International
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
conference, held virtually this year. Finally, a few of our
regular columns will update you on the activities of our
members and Chapters throughout the world.
Starting off with our first of six feature articles, the
authors present part one of a tutorial on digital beamforming
for spaceborne SAR employing a reflector antenna.
A mathematical model for basic imaging modes
is introduced in the first article of this sequence, with
more advanced techniques covered in forthcoming articles
of the planned trilogy. The example values for key
parameters and the corresponding trade space between
them are presented throughout the tutorial along with
some discussion of practical hardware architectures and
implementation aspects.
The article introduces the scan on receive (SCORE)
technique, which uses multiple channels to follow the
echo as it traverses the ground; this provides a wider
swath, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and better suppression
of the range ambiguity. The authors then move on
to developing the dispersive SCORE technique, which
uses frequency-modulated pulses, or " chirps, " to overcome
some disadvantages of the basic monochromatic
beamforming. After reading this introduction, I look
forward to parts two and three in future issues of GRSM.
Our next feature presents a broad review of the Earthobserving
satellite constellation (EOSC), with a focus on
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MGRS.2021.3105267
Date of current version: 28 September 2021
SEPTEMBER 2021 IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE
the meteorological applications of this large distributed
system of satellites, instruments, and algorithms. Starting
with TIROS-1 in 1960, the capabilities and applications of
satellite remote sensing have continued to expand, driven
by advances in sensor and platform technology, expanding
user requirements, research in modeling and data
processing, and growth in the number
and types of participants (independent
nations, nongovernmental
and international organizations,
and the private sector) throughout
the last five decades.
The capabilities of the current
EOSC are reviewed in terms of the
value chain from satellite data to
decision making, particularly in
support of global numerical weather
prediction. Additionally, the authors
discuss the future evolution
of the system to take advantage of next-generation space
architectures and partnerships. Understanding the return
on investment of these future upgrades is critical
to provide the necessary services in the most efficient
manner. This can be done through comparative assessments
of alternative approaches and the adaptation of
emerging instrument technologies and new analytical
techniques, such as machine learning. Advances in
communication and autonomy can be applied to make
the future Earth observation system into an adaptable
" sensor web. " The evolving constellation will face challenges
as well, such as the increasing need for bandwidth,
intercalibration among the large numbers of satellites,
protection of the electromagnetic spectrum, and
the growing threat of space debris. The article presents a
good discussion of these opportunities and challenges.
The third feature reviews the use of morphological
attributes profiles (APs) for classification. Morphological
profiles provide a rigorous mathematical foundation
3
THE ARTICLE
INTRODUCES THE SCAN
ON RECEIVE TECHNIQUE,
WHICH USES MULTIPLE
CHANNELS TO FOLLOW
THE ECHO AS IT
TRAVERSES THE GROUND.

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine - September 2021

Contents
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