Railway 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Highway Mountain Slope Barren Alpine Meadow (b) FIGURE 4. (Continued) (b) The coherence variation for typical ground targets. (Source: Reproduced from Zhang et al. [66] with modifications.) 92°0′E N 94°0′E Golmud Xidatan Wudaoliang Beiluhe Tuotuohe (b) Wenquan Anduo Naqu (c) Dangxiong Lhasa km 92°0′E (a) 100 200 94°0′E (e) (f) FIGURE 5. (a) The QTR engineering and protection measurement for cooling the embankment. Field photos of (b) the QTR in the Beiluhe permafrost region; (c) a thermal pile, (d) a ventiduct; (e) a bubble; and (f) rubble show the typical cooling down measurements of the embankment. SEPTEMBER 2022 IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE 101 (d) 30°0′N 32°0′N 34°0′N 36°0′N Coherence Value 30°0′N 32°0′N 34°0′N 36°0′N 20140620-20140701 20140701-20141008 20141008-20141202 20141202-20141213 20141213-20150217 20150217-20150311 20150311-20150527 20150527-20150812 20150812-20150823 20150823-20151006 20151006-20151108 20151108-20151211 20151211-20160308 20160308-20160502 20160502-20160729 20160729-2016809