IEEE Microwave Magazine - September/October 2018 - 26

Microwave Technologies to Make Objects Smart
■ Luca Roselli

O

nce upon a time, the
Internet appeared,
initiating the socalled fourth revolution, a
worldwide data network
among personal computers and mainframes. With
the advent of mobile communications and terminals,
the web became personal,
with users remaining nonstationary in both time and
space. The number of devices
connected to the Internet exceeded the Earth's
human population in 2007
(or thereabout), and data traffic also increased significantly.
Since then, unexpectedly, the number
of connected devices has not stopped
growing-with objects instead of human-directed mobile personal devices
supporting this growth. While the
number of connected personal devices
depends primarily on humans' ability to
manage multiple devices and is naturally limited, the number of objects connected to the Internet depends on the
number of nodes leveraged to gather inLuca Roselli (luca.roselli@unipg.it) is with the
University of Perugia, Italy.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MMM.2018.2845978
Date of publication: 7 August 2018

26

*	 f	 inding	 sustainable	
and effective ways
for objects to gather
information and exchange that information with the Internet.
The latter falls precisely
within the scientific fields
of interest of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society community.
This focused feature issue is intended to paint a
broad, though not exhaustive, picture of the techImages LIcensed By Ingram PuBLIshIng
nologies fostering the IoT
formation from the environment and ex- revolution through the sustainable
change information between objects and development of smart objects. Various
the Internet. The only limit is the level of areas are discussed, including
* autonomous sensors that enable
technological development.
objects to gather information from
Over the last decade, we have exthe environment
perienced an increasing number of
* electronic circuits fabricated on
objects gathering information and
unconventional materials to reexchanging it with the Internet with
alize environmentally friendly
no human interaction at all (so-called
smart objects
smart objects). The Internet of Things
* wireless power transfer and en(IoT) era was born.
ergy harvesting to pursue smart
The transition from mainly humans
object autonomy
accessing the Internet to mainly objects
* technologies to miniaturize smart
doing so is well on its way, and the evoobjects and/or make them wearlution will depend on scientists' ability
able, thus extending their applicato cope with two central challenges:
bility to many new contexts.
* managing the growing amounts
To provide insights on these topics,
of data provided by smart objects
five contributions were invited. The
(i.e., big data)

September/October 2018



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Microwave Magazine - September/October 2018

Contents
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