IEEE Microwave Magazine - May 2016 - 55

Multiband ET PAs for Small-Cell
and Base-Station Applications

Efficiency Assessment

In single-band transmitters, a common technique is to
use continuous-wave signals to characterize the drain
efficiency of the PA. However, for modulated signals,
this becomes more difficult because the efficiency of the
transmitter is now dependent on the probability density
function (PDF) of the signal. The difficulty of the situation is compounded with dual-band signals: now, each
band's PDF will need to be taken into account.

50

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35

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28 V

Band 2 Output Power (dBm)

Band 2 Output Power (dBm)

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20

To calculate the efficiency under dual-band excitation, two RF generator sources were used to
send continuous-wave signals into the DUT. A
Rohde and Schwarz SMW200A dual-channel RF
signal generator was used to generate the tones,
and the signal was captured using a Rohde and
Schwarz FSW26 spectrum analyzer. Power-supply communication was accomplished through
a general-purpose interface bus (GPIB) cable.

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(a)

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Es,avg−Mlinear

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Es,peak−Mlinear

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Es,sr−Mlinear
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(d)

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Figure 10. The impact of the drain efficiency for different envelope-combination and shaping functions: (a) a fixed 28-V drain
voltage, (b) a peak envelope with a linear shaping function, (c) an average envelope with a linear shaping function, (d) a slewrate limited envelope with a linear shaping function, and (e) a peak envelope with a polynomial shaping function (N = 6).

May 2016

55



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Microwave Magazine - May 2016

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