IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019 - 46

the primary motor cortex [14], the first
single-unit-based BCI [15], and the first
EEG-based BCI [16] were demonstrated.
After those experiments, a series of
animal and human clinical trials demonstrated the ability to use motor cortex activity to predict hand trajectory
[17], operate software, [18] and control
robotic arms [19] in real time. Those

advances were facilitated by a better
understanding of brain dynamics and
the emergence of advanced microsystem technologies in 1990s.
Taken together, those scientific and
engineering efforts represent compelling proof-of-concept demonstrations
that have yielded a vast amount of
knowledge in neural interfacing and

relevant tools that could be applied for
neural stimulation and recording. Despite that, only a few such technologies
have demonstrated a level of performance adequate for widespread use in
humans; moreover, the engineering and
fundamental scientific challenges in
neural interfacing remain. High-density
and long-term clinically viable devices

9 mm
5 mm

70 µ m

384/966 Electrodes

384/276

5/10 mm

Base

Shank

<1:32>

×1

Out-AP

10-b SAR
ADC

60 kHz

Vref

LFP, AP <1:12>
13:1 MUX
Out-MUX

PGA ×1-50

LFP <1:12>
12:1 MUX

108 fF

Out-LFP

5.6 pF

×1

SCF
Reference
Selection

<1:12>

60 kHz

384/276

CAL
Out

DQ
EN

Dual-Band Recording Channel
SCF RCF PGA ×1-50
IA ×50

Impedance
Measurement

1 pF

Vref

In <1:384/966>

Pixel

10
Bandgap
Reference
Bias Generator

Parameter

Specification

Shank Dimensions

10 mm × 70 µm

Electrode Size
Electrode Pitch
Gain
ADC Resolution

32 × 10b

CLK_SR
D_SR
Q_SR
PR_NRST
MODE <1:0>
RESET
MCLK
SPI_CS
SPI_Data <1:4>
SPI_CLK

Digital Control

144 µm2
20 µm
Programmable 50-2,500
10 bits

Input Noise

6.4 µVrms

Power/Channel

49.1 µW

FIGURE 5: The high-level circuit architecture and specifications of the Neuropixels active probe [9]. ADC: analog-to-digital converter; PGA:
programmable gain amplifier; MUX: multiplexer; IA: instrumentation amplifier; SCF: switch capacitor filter; RCF: resistor-capacitor filter;
SAR: successive approximation register.

46

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IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE



IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019 - Contents
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2019 - Cover3
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