IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2020 - 70
enabling a new 80-way pseudoran-
dom FSK (PR-FSK) modulation. In this
scheme, the Tx communicates with
a wideband base station receiver,
which calculates the hopping se-
quence based on the preshared secret
key (PSK). The intended receiver cap-
tures the entire 80-MHz bandwidth
by employing analog-to-digital con-
verters operating at the Nyquist rate
of half the frequency span. Capturing
the entire ISM band is followed by fast
Fourier transform (FFT)-based digital
signal processing with an FFT size
of 80 to map the information to the
desired channel bandwidth of 1 MHz.
The noncoherent detector performs
the bit decision based on channel en-
ergy comparison for current bit 1 and
bit 0 locations. Figure 10 provides an
example of this scheme. Using the
PSK, the receiver calculates that a
bit 0 will be sent on channel 4 (Ch4)
and a bit 1 will be sent on channel 31
(Ch31) for one hop.
The Tx will send a bit 1 on Ch31
and send nothing on Ch4. The re-
ceiver detects that Ch31 has a high-
er energy than Ch4, Energy(Ch31) >
Energy(Ch4), and decodes a bit 1. In
the next microsecond, the Tx selects
two more random channels for the
next bit and repeats the process. Even
when the full history of transmitted
t
Hardware Demonstration
An integrated realization of the
time-interleaved BAW-based Tx is
|Y
|YBB
(f)|)|
BB(f
yBB(t )
BLE Spur
Threshold
|YDIV(f )|
yDIV(t )
hops is revealed to the attacker, it
is not able to predict the location of
any future bit. Thus, the best strat-
egy for an attacker is random guess-
ing, making a selective overwrite of
packet data infeasible. This scheme
also provides data encryption in the
physical layer. Even if the energy in a
channel can be detected, the attacker
cannot resolve whether it is a bit 1 or
a bit 0 without the secret key, result-
ing in detection of an unknown Bit X
from the attacker's view.
30 dBc
BLE Spur
Threshold
t
f
f
fBB 3fBB 5fBB
fBB 3fBB 5fBB
φhop(t )
Quadrature
Walsh Shaper
÷2
BAW1
÷N
Sideband
Mux
Polyphase Filter
PA
Time-Interleaved 1-µs-FH Tx Path 1
|YRF(f )|
Divider Steps
|YPA(f )|
LSB
USB
LO
Tuning
∆fBAW
f
f
fBAW
Quadrature
Walsh Shaper
BAW2
÷N
f
fBAW
φhop(t )
÷2
Polyphase Filter
Sideband
Mux
Time-Interleaved 1-µs FH Tx Path 2
FIGURE 7: Multichannel coverage is achieved by utilizing a single in-band BAW resonator in both time-interleaved Tx paths [6]. Mux: multiplexer; LO: local oscillator.
70
FA L L 2 0 2 0
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2020
Contents
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2020 - Contents
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