IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - 48

A Prototype System
A recently published penny-sized
wireless EEG recorder [29] presented
a distributed recording system, with
multiple devices attached to different
locations on the scalp, as shown in Figure
12. Each device has two recording
sites, and up to 12 devices can transmit
at the same time in the 915-MHz ISM
band. Shown on the right is the chip
block diagram. Two ΔΣ ADCs acquire
EEG data from two sites. The recorded
data are then combined and encoded
in a packet generator before sending to
the TX. The FDMA TX has 12 channels
in the 915-MHz ISM band with a channel
spacing of 2 MHz. As a result, 12
devices can operate concurrently. A
power-management unit generates all
supply voltages from the battery input,
and the clock signals are generated
from an 8-MHz crystal oscillator.
Figure 13 shows the system size
comparison as well as the measurement
setup. Due to its low voltage
and low current consumption, the
whole system can be powered by the
smallest hearing aid battery (size 10)
of only 0.3 g. The battery life is calculated
as more than a month based on
the system power consumption and
battery capacity. A printed antenna
on the PCB would be preferred, but
the system's close proximity to
human tissue results in a more than
20-dB antenna gain penalty compared
with free space at 915 MHz. As
a result, a 3D helical antenna is used,
as shown in Figure 13.
Commonly used gold cup electrodes
were used here with the recorder. As
a standard procedure, conductive
paste is used for reducing the contact
impedance between the electrode and
skin. Due to the recorder's low weight,
the same paste can securely attach
the recorder board to the scalp even
in the vertical position. The paste is
13 2 1/2: Input 1/2 Electrodes
3: Common Reference Electrode
REF
Input 1
Parietal
A conductive paste supports the
electrodes and device weight.
No extra adhesive is needed.
Occipital
(a)
Battery
(b)
FIGURE 13: The (a) experimental setup and (b) size comparison of the penny-sized EEG recording system. (Source: [29]; used with permission.)
Eyes Closed Comparison
at the Occipital Cortex, Bipolar 2 cm
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
Alpha Wave
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
010203040
Frequency (Hz)
(a)
50 60 70 80 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
Time (s)
(b)
EEG Patch
Clinical Instrument
FIGURE 14: A comparison of the penny-sized recorder and a clinical instrument in terms of capturing the (a) alpha-wave and (b) visual oddball
ERP signals. Pz: parietal cortex. (Source: [29]; used with permission.)
48
FALL 2022
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
Visual Oddball ERP Comparison
at the Pz, Bipolar 2 cm
19.1 mm
Input 2
Antenna
EEG Patch
(1.2 g)
Spectrum (dB)
XTAL
Amplitude (µV)

IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - 2
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Fall 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_spring2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_winter2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_fall2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_summer2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2019summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2019winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/mssc_2018winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_winter2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_fall2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_summer2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/solidstatecircuits_spring2014
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