IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - 47

HING
UBLIS
AM P
INGR
D BY
ENSE
E LIC
IMAG
BACK
GROU
ND

Time-Encoding
Analog-to-Digital
Converters

Georges G.E. Gielen,
Luis Hernandez,
and Pieter Rombouts

Bridging the analog gap to advanced digital CMOS-
Part 1: Basic principles

T

he scaling of CMOS
technology deep into
the nanometer range
has created challenges
for the design of highperformance analog ICs. The shrinking
supply voltage and presence of mismatch and noise restrain the dynamic
range, causing analog circuits to be
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSSC.2020.2987536
Date of current version: 24 June 2020

large in area and have a high power
consumption in spite of the process
scaling. Analog circuits based on time
encoding [1], [2] and hybrid analog/
digital signal processing [3] have been
developed to overcome these issues.
Realizing analog circuit functionality
with highly digital circuits results in
more scalable design solutions that
can achieve excellent performance.
This article reviews the basic principles of time encoding applied, in par-

ticular, to analog-to-digital converters
(ADCs) based on voltage-controlled
oscillators (VCOs), one of the most
successful time-encoding techniques
to date.
Although VCO-based ADCs have
been around for a long time [4], [5],
they really received a significant
boost in interest after Straayer and
Perrott's highly cited 2008 paper
[6]. Since then, many other advancements from different research groups

1943-0582/20©2020IEEE
	 IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE	

S P R I N G 2 0 2 0	

47



IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - 2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - 3
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - 4
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - 5
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2020 - Cover3
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