IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2021 - 36

Davide Braga, Shaorui Li, and Farah Fahim
Cryogenic
Electronics
Development
for High-Energy
Physics
I
36
n the quest to study
the fundamental nature
of matter and the
universe, high-energy
physics (HEP) experiments
often operate in extreme conditions
that lie well outside the standard
operating range of integrated circuits
(ICs). Two prominent examples
of such extreme environments are
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSSC.2021.3072804
Date of current version: 24 June 2021
1) the irradiation levels experienced
at high luminosity colliders
and 2) operation at cryogenic temperatures
[1]. Cryogenic electronics
is a broad term that encompasses
circuits operating at temperatures
below the standard operating limit
(−55 °C in the case of military
grade electronics), all of the way
down to millikelvin, as in the case
of superconducting circuits. Cryogenic
circuits have a long history
[2] and have found applications in
SPRING 2021
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
An overview
of design
considerations,
benefits,
and unique
challenges
a broad spectrum of applications,
such as infrared focal plane arrays,
positron emission tomography, and
quantum science. While CMOS circuits
have been reliably operated
at deep-cryogenic temperatures
(< 4.2 K), this article focuses on applications
down to liquid nitrogen
(77 K) and provides an overview of
the design considerations, benefits,
and unique challenges pertaining
to cryogenic CMOS ICs for large
HEP experiments.
1943-0582/21©2021IEEE

IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2021

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2021 - Contents
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