IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - 31
(> +10 dBm), wideband linearity, and
close-in linearity coupled with a large
baseband dynamic range. Co-channel
rejection as well as adjacent and alternate
channel rejection are also key for
attenuating in-channel and close-in
interference.
Network Architecture
As a safety-critical part of the vehicle,
the battery pack requires a fully
robust and secure communication
network. For our WBMS solution (Figure
2) we drew from our group's wireless
networking experience with the
industrial WirelessHART and SmartMesh
products [20], [21]. Robustness
and low power are achieved by synchronizing
the network and heavily
duty cycling all devices, waking them
up only to select a pseudorandom
radio channel and send data. Coupled
with having two radio devices
for a network manager, this protocol
enables time, frequency, and spatial
diversity in the wireless communication
with guarantees that no transmissions
collide with any others.
Strict
timeliness requirements
on the BMS data mean that individual
wireless transmission failures
need quick retries, which are most
efficiently scheduled locally by the
nodes. Keeping tight synchronization
across the network is critical to
serially send data from all devices
and maximize the retry bandwidth.
Typical WBMS control requires around
100 B of data from each node every
100 ms with the data evenly split
between cell measurements and
monitor diagnostic reports. Other
groups have developed WBMS solutions
based on Bluetooth Low Energy
(BLE) [22], [23], but to meet some of
the requirements described previously
such as latency and throughput,
they have developed proprietary
protocols that work on top of BLE.
...
Power Budget
One might think that a circuit attached
to a battery module with a kWh of
energy would not need to be overly
concerned about power. However,
the network continues to operate
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
SPRING 2022
31
...
...
MODULE+
Module +
Wireless Cell Node 1
Power IC
LTC6815
Wireless
SoC
Monitor IC
BMSADBMSBattery
6815
SPI Network SW
Temperature
Sensor
Module -
MODULE2.4
GHz WBMS
Network
MODULE+
Module +
Wireless Cell Node N
Power IC
LTC6815
Monitor IC
BMSADBMSBattery
6815
Temperature
Sensor
Module -
MODULEPack
Monitor
FIGURE
2: A wireless BMS architecture connecting module measurement and controller endpoints with a 2.4 GHz RF channel. Wireless SoCs are added to each module and the BMS controller
interfaces with a network manager wireless SoC. Dual managers may be used for redundancy and increased network throughput. Padlocks indicate secure devices and interfaces.
Wireless
SoC
SPI
Network SW
s
Network
Manager
(Single or Dual)
Wireless
SoC
Network SW
Wireless
SoC
Network SW
SPI
SPI
Interface SW
BMS Controller ECU
Customer BMS
App Layer
IC Component
SW Component
BMS Controller Subsystem
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - Cover1
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