IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - 9

20
40
60
80
50
-40
-20
104
Loop Gain
Op Amp Gain
106
108
Frequency (Hz)
(a)
FIGURE 4: The magnitude and phase response of the uncompensated op amp.
the unity-gain bandwidth cannot
exceed this value after frequency
compensation is applied. It then
appears that the 1.1-GHz target stipulated
previously is far from reach. Fortunately,
pole splitting and pole-zero
cancellation resolve this issue.
Op-Amp Design
To obtain the widest bandwidth for a
given gain, we should incorporate a
cascode op amp, but, in view of the
low supply voltage, we opt for a simple
two-stage structure. The circuit
consists of a differential pair and a
stage with a current-mirror load, as
shown in Figure 3. Resistors Ra
Rb set the CM level at A and B, respecand
20
40
60
80
-40
-20
104
106
108
Frequency
(Hz)
(a)
FIGURE 6: The magnitude and phase response of the compensated op amp.
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
SPRING 2022
9
1010
tively, while minimally loading these
nodes. This topology avoids cascodes
and creates well-defined bias
currents for both stages (e.g.,
copied from ),ID3
ID5
is
thus serving as a
robust solution. A transistor length of
120 nm provides a high voltage gain,
and a large channel area reduces the
flicker noise. The op amp draws a
supply current of
200An .
and M0
The LDO loop consisting of A1
contains poles at A (and B),
Q, P, and X. We therefore predict the
need for frequency compensation.
We simulate the open-loop LDO
circuit and arrive at the frequency
response depicted in Figure 4. Also
shown is the op-amp gain, i.e., from
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
104
106
108
Frequency (Hz)
(b)
1010
VDD
M6
P
R Cc
c
500 1 pF Ω
R1
IVCO
FIGURE 5: The op-amp frequencycompensation
network.
CVCO
M0
X
the gates of M1
and M2
to node P.
From this, we me make two observations.
1) The loop gain falls to
unity at
f .,= 41GHz where the
1010
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
104
106
108
Frequency (Hz)
(b)
1010
Magnitude (dB)
Magnitude (dB)
Phase (°)
Phase (°)

IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - Contents
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Spring 2022 - Cover3
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