Azita Emami and Saransh Sharma 3D Localization of Miniaturized Devices for Precision Medicine Enabling wireless surgical navigation, health monitoring, and targeted drug delivery T he localization and real-time tracking of devices in vivo with high precision are critical for many surgical and medical diagnostic procedures. For instance, in orthopedic surgeries, the precise alignment and control of implants and surgical tools can significantly impact the outcome. A common example is intramedullary nailing, in which long bone fractures are fixed by putting a metal rod into the bone and holding the two together using screws. It is crucial to know the precise locations of the screw holes, which are found by using Xray fluoroscopy, before drilling into the fractured bone [1]. Although fluoroscopy provides 100200 m - n of localization accuracy, it causes high levels of radiation exposure to the patient and the surgical team. Another example is capsule endoscopy, in which a pill-shaped camera is sent through the gastrointestinal Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSSC.2023.3247686 Date of current version: 22 June 2023 MAAYAN VISUALS 1943-0582/23©2023IEEE IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE SPRING 2023 41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9958 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-4932