IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023 - 67

1970: SPICE Is Born
The development of SPICE at the University
of California, Berkeley,
in
1969 and 1970 has had a profound
and long-lasting impact on the semiconductor
industry. In addition to
eliminating guesswork and tweaking
from " breadboard " implementations,
SPICE also changed the designers'
empirical mindset to a methodical
and rigorous approach.
While analog designers welcomed
SPICE, traditional RF and microwave
engineers did not readily embrace
it and preferred tools such as COMPACT
[15] for analysis and design [16].
Nonetheless, SPICE would eventually
lead to a paradigm shift in RF design;
the reproducibility afforded by extensive
SPICE simulations meant that the
stages in an RF chain did not need
to (and should not) be individually
matched and optimized, a point to
which we return later.
1975: Class-E PA Is Born
Recall that polar modulation relies on
an efficient nonlinear PA. Even if the
input of such a stage is driven by a
square wave, the output suffers from
slow transitions and resembles a
sinusoid because it delivers a current
to an RLC tank. Thus, it is difficult
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 9: (a) A CMOS RX from 1969 [14] and (b) its die photograph.
(a)
(b)
(c)
FIGURE 10: (a) A mixer reported by Bilotti and Pepper [18] in 1967, (b) an improved mixer reported by Bilotti [19] in 1968, and
(c) a multiplier proposed by Gilbert [20] in 1968. (Parts of diagrams omitted for clarity.)
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
SUMMER 2023
67

IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023 - Contents
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2023 - Cover3
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