IEEE Power Electronics Magazine Compendium - March 2018 - 22

at the grid side, and a second LiC is used in passive parallel
with the vehicle battery.

ORNL In-Motion Wireless Charging
In-motion wireless charging consists of a sequence of roadway embedded coils, an energized track, in which individual coils or pairs are sequentially energized by a trackside
HF power inverter in synchronism with vehicle position.
The ORNL in-motion charging demonstrator is shown schematically in Figure 2 having the following key functions:
■■the primary coils connected in pairs and in phase (i.e.,
fountain field), singly tuned to 22 kHz
■■the coil sequencing controlled by vehicle passage using
trackside photocell interruption
■■the power level controlled by HF inverter rail voltage
■■the single secondary, or capture coil, centrally mounted
to the demo vehicle chassis
■■the Maxwell Technologies UC pack in passive parallel
with demo vehicle battery pack
■■the ESL LiC rack in active parallel with the grid-side
power inverter (this apparatus was designed for both passive and active parallel connection)
■■Zlinx radio communications between the vehicle and
grid-side controller.

fig 1 The ORNL in-motion WPT charging of an EV. (Photo courtesy of ORNL.)

to the ORNL team. Active parallel means that a high-power,
bidirectional controllable power flow, dc-dc converter
interfaces the LiCs to the dc input of the WPT HF inverter.
This configuration is used only on the grid-side experimental work.
The ORNL WPT team has demonstrated power smoothing in test drives of the GEM EV over an energized track
consisting of six primary coils to which HF current is supplied sequentially and in synchronism with vehicle position.
This article summarizes the results obtained from the
use of a carbon UC in passive parallel with the demonstration vehicle battery pack and for the LiC in active parallel

GEM Vehicle
80-V Lead-Acid

220 Vac

P = 2.5 kW

Commercial
Power Supply

90-270 V

Lead-Acid

DSP
Power
Setting

UC

Gateway Control
Module

K1 K2 K3
Radio
Modem

LiC
2,300 F, 3.5 V # 12
fig 2 The in-motion WPT charging system.

IEEE PowEr ElEctronIcs MagazInE

A great deal of experimental design work has been performed at ORNL on WPT couplers, the results of which
favor square over circular designs. The in-motion demonstration system used these earlier circular coils with half-tofull Litz cable diameter spacing of the planar spiral winding.
The rectangular designs having more compact planar windings are now viewed as superior for in-motion charging due
to better coupling during overlap.

80-V Carbon
Ultracapacitor
30 S # 1 P # 650 F

Display State
of Charge

22

In-Motion coupler Design

z	March 2014

Sequencing
Logic
Photocell
Sequencing
Commands



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power Electronics Magazine Compendium - March 2018

Contents
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine Compendium - March 2018 - Cover1
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