IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2014 - 33

gain a lot from various papers authored by electrochemists detailing the modeling and analysis of battery chemistries and future directions. More details are available
in [24].

[8] E. Warburg, "Über das Verhalten sogenannte unipolarisierbare Electroden gegen Wechselstrom," Ann. Phys. Chem., vol. 67, pp. 493-499,
1899.
[9] E. Karden, S. Buller, and R. W. Doncker, "A method for measurement
and interpretation of impedance spectra for industrial batteries," J. Power

Acknowledgments

Sources, vol. 85, pp. 72-78, Jan. 2000.

I would like to thank the editorial and publishing staff of
Elsevier Publishers, United States, for providing permission to publish this summary based on Chapter 3 of my
book, Energy Storage Devices for Electronic Systems
(2014) [24].

[10] S. Grimnes and O. G. Martinsen, Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity
Basics. New York: Elsevier and Academic Press, 2008, p. 471.
[11] Ultra Global PRT. [Online]. Available: http://www.ultraglobalprt.
com/?page_id=24
[12] C. R. Gould, C. M. Bingham, A. Stone, and P. Bentley, "New battery
model and state-of-health determination through subspace parameter esti-

About the Author

mation and state observer techniques," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58,

Nihal Kularatna (nihalkul@waikato.ac.nz) is a senior
electronic engineering lecturer in the School of Engineering at the University of Waikato, New Zealand. A recipient
of the 2013 New Zealand Engineering Innovator of the Year
Award, his electronic engineering career spans 38 years. He
is currently active in research in supercapacitor applications, power supply topologies, and the transient propagation and power conditioning area in power electronics. He
has contributed more than 100 papers to journals and international conference proceedings. In addition, he has
authored and coauthored several books in power electronics. His most recent book, DC Power Supplies: Power
Management and Surge Protection for Power Electronic
Systems, was published in 2012 (CRC Press, Florida). Two
US/NZ/PCT patents were granted (2011/2014) for his work
on supercapacitor-based efficiency improvements of linear
power supplies and the use of supercapacitors in surge protectors. Before immigrating to New Zealand in 2002, he was
the chief executive officer of the Arthur C. Clarke Institute
for Modern Technologies in Sri Lanka. He is an honors
graduate in electrical engineering from the University of
Ceylon (1976). He is a Senior Member of the IEEE.

no. 8, pp. 3905-3916, Oct. 2009.
[13] P. Ruetschi, "Aging mechanisms and service life of lead acid batteries,"
J. Power Sources, vol. 127, nos. 1-2, pp. 33-44, 2004.
[14] M. Thele, S. Buller, D. U. Sauer, R. W. Doncker, and E. Karden, "Hybrid
modeling of lead acid batteries in frequency and time domain," J. Power
Sources, vol. 144, no. 2, pp. 461-466, 2005.
[15] P. Mauracher and E. Karden, "Dynamic modeling of lead/acid batteries using impedance spectroscopy for parameter identification," J. Power
Sources, vol. 67, nos. 1-2, pp. 69-84, 1997.
[16] L. C. Stevanatto, V. J. Brusamarello, and S. Tairov, "Parameter identification and analysis of uncertainty measurements of lead-acid batteries," IEEE
Trans Instrum. Meas., vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 761-768, Apr. 2014.
[17] W. B. Gu, C. Y. Wang, S. M. Li, M. M. Geng, and B. Y. Liaw, "Modeling
discharge and charge characteristics of nickel-metal hydride batteries," Electrochim. Acta, vol. 44, no. 25, pp. 4525-4541, 1999.
[18] L. O. Valoen, S. Sunde, and R. Tunold, "An impedance model for electrode processes in metal hydride electrodes," J. Alloys Compounds, vol.
253-254, pp. 656-659, May 1997.
[19] B. Wu, M. Mohammed, D. Brigham, R. Elder, and R. E. White, "A nonisothermal model of a nickel-metal hydride cell," J. Power Sources, vol. 101,
no. 2, pp. 149-157, 2001.
[20] Y. H. Pan, V. Srinivasan, and C. Y. Wang, "An experimental and modeling
study of isothermal charge/discharge behavior of commercial Ni-MH cells,"

References

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