IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2016 - 44

4,714

4,517

5,000
4,500

Canada

United States

2,883
France

Australia

Japan

1,985
United Kingdom

Germany

Spain

1,157

930
Russia

Italy

844

548
Brazil

731

449
Mexico

World Average

433

131
India

0

Nigeria

500

74

1,000

China

1,500

South Africa

2,000

1,530

2,500

1,731

3,000

2,241

3,500

2,691

4,000

FIG 1 The per capita residential electricity usage in kilowatt hours per year for major world economies in 2010 [2].

the economics of deployment substantially. At the same
time, the lower power consumption in dc appliances
reduces the overall electricity drawn from the grid.

dc Solar Power Installations
We have implemented several dc solar PV power systems in
India. A solar dc system, the Inverterless-2500, capable of

-

connecting to 2.5-kW peak solar PV, 2.5-kW grid power, and
a battery of 15 kWh, can drive up to 3-kW dc loads on a dc
power line at 48 V. Such a system could provide backup
power in multistoried buildings like apartment complexes,
office buildings, schools, and hospitals. Two of the deployments, discussed next, illustrate the advantages of such
a system.

High school Deployment

Table 2. The all-India per household per month
consumption of energy [3].
rural

Urban

Energy sources

Quantity

Value (Inr )

Quantity

Value (Inr )

Coke (kg)
Firewood and chips (kg)
Electricity (kWh)
Dung cake (unit)
Kerosene-public distribution
system (liter)
Kerosene-other sources (liter)
Matches (box)
Coal (kg)
Liquefied petroleum gas
(excluding conveyance, in kg)
Charcoal (kg)
Candle (number)
Gobar gas (kg)
Petrol (liter)
Diesel (liter)
Other fuel (kg)

69.78
118.02
60.35
-
2.8

224.7
307.57
176.04
155.8
44.41

60.7
89.42
124.62
-
3.27

250.13
281.07
435.29
149.78
49.89

2.3
8.38
55.1
8.69

65.96
8.26
177.74
259.39

4.72
6.35
65.95
12.37

161.8
6.38
285.94
363.76

21.35
6.46
-
5.26
3.03
-

141.22
16.27
284.83
355.68
127.48
94.73

17.29
5.77
-
11.2
3.73
-

170.24
16.3
95.64
746.02
155.36
65.79

44

IEEE PowEr ElEctronIcs MagazInE

z	December 2016

One of the deployments was in a high
school. The building has 12 classrooms, as shown in Figure 3. Each
classroom has six tube lights and
four fans, and the corridors and staircases have four tube lights and 14
bulbs. Previously, the school had CFL
lights and induction motor fans. The
lights and fans were always on for
about 8 hours during the school day.
The school was powered by the grid
(230 Vac) and faced 2-3 hours of load
shedding every day. The power consumption was a little over 50 kWh per
day (with average electricity tariff
being INR 265 per day during school
days), and load shedding was impacting the school performance. The
school was contemplating the use of
a standard inverter-based UPS, handling up to 4 hours of power cuts.
Taking into account linear depreciation



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - December 2016

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