June 2015 z IEEE PowEr ElEctronIcs MagazInE 45 1 Vdc 1 Vdc 1 Vdc Five-Level Line Scalable in Multilevels (d) 1 Vdc 1 Vdc Four-Level Line 1 Vdc Three-Level Line Basic P2 Cell Two-Level Line 1 Vdc 1 Vdc 1 Vdc 1 Vdc 0 M-Level Line V1 1 Vdc V2 1 Vdc V3 Vm - 2 1 Vdc Vm - 1 Vm 1 Vdc 100 V 50 Hz p q 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 Time (s) (b) More Sinusoidal Waveforms vaN LAC iuv 0 vaN C vC1u vvw vSv iv (e) LAC ivw vC1v 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 Time (s) (c) Scalable in Multiphases vuv vSu iu -4 Vdc 0 4 Vdc vwu vSw iw LAC iwu vC1w FIG 7 High-power designs are going multilevel to support high-voltage and high-performance applications. (a) a PWM-controlled output waveform, (b) a three-level conversion output waveform, (c) a nine-level conversion output waveform, (d) and (e) versatility of the multilevel power conversion technology. V0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 Time (s) (a) -Vdc 0 -Vdc Vdc 0 vaN 0 Vdc