IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2019 - 30

neer. He is a member of the Institution of Engineering
control is applied to ensure reliable operation by
and Technology and of the Smart Grid Center-Extension
maintaining voltage and frequency stability. Primary conin Qatar. He has published more than 50 journal and control is mostly decentralized, because it locally deals with
ference articles. His research interests include electrical
the DER units and avoids interunit communication for
machines, power systems, smart grid, energy managereliability reasons.
ment systems, reliability of power grids and electric
■■Secondary control is applied to optimize the power qualimachinery, fault detection, and condition monitoring in
ty of the system (minimize the average of all voltage and
conjunction with fault management and development of
frequency deviations) and manage MG communication.
fault-tolerant systems. He is a Mem■■Tertiary control is applied to achieve
ber of the IEEE.
the economic optimization (im Sertac Bayhan (sbayhan@hbku
proves the economics of the supTertiary control
.edu.qa) received his B.Sc. (as valeply-and-demand balance) based
ensures optimal
dictorian), M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees
on energy prices and the electriciin electrical engineering from Gazi
ty market.
operation of all MGs
University, Ankara, Turkey, in 2006,
Most control techniques used for
by considering both
2008, and 2012, respectively. His
tertiary control are more related to the
undergraduate studies were also at
economic aspect, but this article pretechnical and
the same university, and he graduatsented the tertiary control and coneconomic aspects.
ed as valedictorian. He is a scientist
sidered both economic and technical
at the Qatar Environment and Eneraspects. Different control approaches
gy Research Institute. From 2014 to
were compared to show their relative
2018, he worked at Texas A&M University at Qatar as
benefits and drawbacks in each level of MG control. All of
an associate research scientist. In 2008, he joined the
the challenges that face each technique were pointed out
Electronics and Automation Engineering Department,
with a brief study.
Gazi University, as a lecturer, and he was promoted to
assistant professor and associate professor in 2013 and
Acknowledgments
2017, respectively. He has authored 120 high-impact
This article was made possible by National Priorities
journal and conference articles. He is the coauthor of
Research Program grant (NPRP 9-310-2-134) from the Qatar
two books and three book chapters. He is a Senior MemNational Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundaber of the IEEE.
tion). The statements made herein are solely the responsiHaitham Abu-Rub (haitham.abu-rub@qatar.tamu
bility of the authors.
.edu) received M.Sc. degree from Gdynia Maritime Academy, Poland, in 1990, and his Ph.D. degree from the TechAbout the Authors
nical University of Gdansk, Poland in 1995, both in elecAmira Mohammed (amira.mohammed@qatar.tamu.edu)
trical engineering. He also received a Ph.D. degree in
received her bachelor's degree from Cairo University,
humanities from Gdansk University, Poland, in 2004.
Giza, Egypt, in 2002 and a graduate diploma from Cairo
Since 2006, he has been a professor at Texas A&M UniUniversity in 2004. She worked for two years as an electriversity at Qatar. He is currently the managing director
cal design engineer in the Electrical Project Department
of the Smart Grid Center-Extension in Qatar. He has
at the Gila Electrical Company, Cairo, Egypt, for anothworked at many universities in many countries, including
er two years at Cairo Metro Company, Egypt, and at AlexPoland, Palestine, the United States, Germany, and Qatar.
andria Company for Construction, Egypt. From 2016 to
He is the recipient of many national and international
2018, she was a research assistant at Texas A&M Universiawards and recognitions and of the American Fulbright
ty at Qatar. She is currently a Ph.D. student in the ElectriScholarship, the German Alexander von Humboldt Felcal and Computer Department at Texas A&M University,
lowship, and many others. He has coauthored more than
College Station. Her research interests include grid con400 journal and conference articles, five books, five book
trol, grid stability, voltage stability, smart grid, big data
chapters, and two patents. He has led many research
management, and analytics for the smart grid. She has
projects on the smart grid, electric drives, power convertpublished 13 peer-reviewed international conference and
ers, and renewable energy systems. His main research
journal articles.
interests include electric drives, power electronic conShady S. Refaat (shady.khalil@qatar.tamu.edu)
verters, renewable energy, and the smart grid. He is an
received his bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degrees from
IEEE Fellow.
Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, in 2002, 2007, and 2013,
respectively. He is an assistant research scientist in
the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
References
Texas A&M University at Qatar. He has worked in indus[1] D. Tan and D. Novosel, "Towards a (more) electronic transmission and distry for more than 12 years as an electrical design engitribution (eT&D)," CES Trans. Elect. Mach. Syst., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15-25. 2017.

■■Primary

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