IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020 - 27

Battery Integration Challenges

the Li-ion cells, which is verified by AllCell Technologies,
as shown in Figure 5.

The integration of a solar storage system has numerous
open questions when transferring lab concepts to real-world
applications. High storage device temperatures and aging
integrated components have significant impacts on the efficiency and reliability of the system.

Aging of Batteries
Aging effects, such as capacity loss and power fade, usually
accelerate when storage devices are exposed to higher temperatures. It is true that the rise in temperature leads to an
increase in the instantaneous capacity of the battery. However, undesired chemical reactions accelerate at elevated

Thermal Management

Temperature (°C)

In nonintegrated PV unit-battery systems, the batteries
operate at a low temperature compared to
the integrated battery pack. Therefore,
100
understanding the thermal dynamic funcOven Temperature
tion of batteries is essential to lowering
90
PCM
No PCM
Ambient
the overall temperature of the integrated
Module With 6-mm Insulation
80
module. An advanced packaging technolRemoved After 20 min
70
Module With 6-mm Insulation Plus
ogy using an inexpensive, lightweight,
11-mm PCM Survives 3.5 h
60
simple material called phase change
material (PCM) will significantly reduce
50
battery performance degradation and
40
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
safety concerns [12]. An extended battery
Time (h)
lifecycle is guaranteed by using PCM
External Geometry: 300 × 150 × 150 mm
because this material reduces the risk of
Initial Temperature: 50 °C
thermal runaway by minimizing high
Ambient Temperature: 100 °C for 3 h
temperature excursions. This thermalMaximum Cell Temperature: 60 °C
shielding solution enables a battery to be
exposed to extreme temperatures for FIG 5 The comparison of system test data with and without PCM insulation.
extended durations without overheating (Source: AllCell Technologies; used with permission [12].)

PV

Grid

Multiport
Mini Inverter

Battery Bank (Li-ion)
(a)
dc-dc
Converter

dc Bus

dc-ac
Inverter

ac Bus

dc-ac
Inverter
dc-dc
Converter

dc-ac
Inverter

Grid

Grid

Energy
Storage

Energy
Storage
(b)

(c)

FIG 6 The (a) three-port single PV module, (b) dc-coupled system architecture, and (c) ac-coupled system architecture.

June 2020

z	IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE

27



IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020

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