IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020 - 28

temperatures, negatively impacting
The PV Module
the cell's lifetime through the loss of
Temperature and ambient irradiance
Understanding the
active materials. The number of batgreatly influence the performance of
thermal dynamic functery cycles fluctuates during operathe solar module. Therefore, the optition because the PV power generamal energy yield can be obtained by
tion of batteries is
tion and load demand are not stable.
the appropriate selection of the PV
essential to lowering
Manufacturers use continuous and
module, based on the dominant operauniform cycling to provide battery
tional ambient conditions. The rated
the overall temperapower, temperature coefficient propspecifications. However, the fluctuture of the integrated
erties, and price should be considered
ating nature of the power output of
to ensure essential desirable characthe PV module determines the actual
module.
teristics while remaining cost effective
charging and discharging profile of
for the selection of the PV module. As
the integrated batteries. This has an
a portable and modular solar system
impact on the aging characteristics
solution, the dimensions and weight of the integrated modof the battery, which may not match the specification on
ule play a significant role in residential applications because
the datasheet.

S7-1
C2
V1

C1

L3

S1

S3

L1

S7-2

L2

C4

Port
ort 1
Port 2
V2

L4

S2

V3

1:n

S4

Po
Port 3

S8-2
C3
S8-1

(a)

(b)

FIG 7 The three-port microinverter. The (a) circuit schematic and (b) microinverter prototype.

VP (50 V/div) iL2 (5 A /div)

Vs (50 V/div) V3 (100 V/div)

V3 (100 V/div)
Vs (50 V/div) iL2 (5 A /div)
VP (50 V/div)

φ = 0.7 rad

δ1 = 0.628 rad
φ = 0.7 rad

δ1 = 1.884 rad
(a)

(b)

FIG 8 The key waveforms for the transformer primary voltage (Vp), secondary voltage (Vs ), and secondary current. The (a) first and
(b) second power flow scenarios. Tek: Tektronix; div: division.

28

IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE

z	June 2020



IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020

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