IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020 - 60

Grid
Voltages (V)
Grid
Currents (A)
dc Link
Current (A)
Lower
Upper
Branch
Branch
Currents (A) Currents (A)
Lower SBR Upper SBR
Voltages (V) Voltages (V)

2,400

vgA

0

vgB
vgC

-2,400
410

igA

0

igB
igC

-410
330

iDC

0
-200
310

ipA
ipB

0

ipC

-190
310

inA
inB

0

inC

-190
1,100
990
890
1,100
990
890
0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Time (s)
FIG 13 The operation of the converter utilizing three parallel SBRs within a branch.

notice that it is mainly occupied by the control blocks already
known in the domain of the conventional MMC control. As
indicated, another, although decoupled, control layer concerning the balancing of the SBR energies must be superimposed to the higher control layers. It is important to emphasize that the presented SBR energy-balancing method does
not depend on the parity of the number of SBRs connected in
parallel and this statement, which is verified shortly.

Simulation Results
The availability of an SM intended to serve the 0.5 MW converter, being connected to the 3-kV ac grid on one side and
5-kV dc grid on the other side is assumed. To demonstrate the
possibilities of increasing the power capacity of the original
converter, cases with two and three SBRs operating in parallel within a branch are simulated in PLECS. Consequently, the
power rating of the original converter is doubled and tripled,
respectively. Simulation parameters can be found in Table 1.

60

IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE

z	June 2020

To test the dynamic performance of simulated converters, the reference power profiles defined in Figure 11 were
followed. Furthermore, to demonstrate the importance of
the SBR energy-balancing controller, its actions were disabled during the time interval T OFF
! [1.5 s, 2.5 s], as highW
lighted in Figure 11. To validate the proposed energy-balancing method while demonstrating its robustness, ! 20 %
mismatches were randomly included in the SBR inductances as well as the SM capacitances.
Figure 12 presents the operation of the converter, utilizing two SBRs per branch, whereas Figure 13 illustrates the
identical scenario, but with the converter utilizing three
SBRs per branch. Both converters successfully track the
reference power profile, which can be concluded based on
the presented dc link current shape.
The lower-most plots present voltages of the lower
SBRs, whereas zoomed-in parts tend to showcase the
contributions of the additional SBR energy-balancing
BAL



IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2020

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