IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2022 - 65

Standard
IEEE 2030.52018
IEEE
2030.72017
IEEE
2030.82018,
IEEE
P2030.11,
(Under
development)
IEEE P2030.12,
(Under
development)
UL 1741
Standard for Inverters,
Converters, Controllers, and
Interconnection System Equipment
for Use with Distributed
Energy Resource
UL 3001
(Under
development)
Indian Electricity Grid Code
IEGC lays down the rules, guidelines, and standards to be followed by various persons and
participants in the system to plan, develop, maintain, and operate the power system, in the
most secure, reliable, economic, and efficient manner.
router in the smart homes will be responsible for powering
the home loads, power exchange within the microgrid,
energy arbitrage, and reactive power support. Inclusion of
commercial storage system (e.g., Tesla powerwall) or EV
with V2G capability adds a new dimension to the
microgrid operation. Several recent research work have
discussed the microgrid operation with distributed storage
and its challenges [13].
Standards and Grid Codes
Few popular standards related to the operation and control of
microgrids are listed in Table I. These standards discuss functional
specifications, protection configurations, and testing
procedures relevant to the microgrid deployments in LVDS.
Conclusions
A vision to convert the existing radial LVDS to a smart
LVDS is presented in this paper. As LVDS is heterogeneous,
consumer driven, and unbalanced in nature, specifically in
the developing countries, incorporating distributed generation
will require carefully defining energy islands or
microgrids. The article proposes that the network supplied
by a distribution transformer can be demarcated as a threephase
ac microgrid. The LV distribution transformer can be
replaced by an SST to enable power exchange between different
phases of the microgrid and with other microgrids.
The realization of a smart home in smart LVDS is also discussed.
Using this reconfiguration, a smart home allows an
un-interrupted supply of essential loads and smart interaction
of non-essential loads to a central microgrid controller
using DMS. A review of various grid codes and standards
for microgrids is also summarized.
Acknowledgement
This work is supported by the Indo-US Science and Technology
Forum in partnership with Department of Science
and Technology, Government of India, under grant no.
IUSSTF/JCERDC-Smart Grids and Energy Storage/2017.
The authors will like to thank Prof. S. S. Venkata and Prof.
Sukumar Brahma for their valuable suggestions to improve
this work.
About the Authors
Ramanuja Panigrahi (ramanuja@iitk.ac.in) received the
B.Tech. degree from the Biju Patnaik University of Technology,
Odisha, India, in 2013, and the M.Tech. and Ph.D.
June 2022 z IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 65
Safety Standard for Distributed
Energy and Storage Systems
Table I. Popular Standards Related to Operation and Control of Microgrids.
Title
Description
IEEE Standard for Smart
Energy Profile Application
Protocol
Standard for the Specification
of Microgrid Controllers
Standard for the Testing of
Microgrid Controllers
Distributed Energy Resources
Management Systems Functional
Specification
Draft Guide for the Design of
Microgrid Protection System
Providing functions to enable utility management of end-user energy environments, including
demand response, load control, time-of-day pricing, management of distributed generation,
electric vehicles, etc.
Provides all the functional specifications for microgrid energy management system (MEMS)
regardless of topology, configuration, or jurisdiction.
To develop a set of testing procedures allowing the verification, quantification, and a comparison
of the performance with expected minimum requirements of the different functions
of the microgrid controllers.
functional specifications for DER management systems will be important factors in designing
and deploying protection for DERs and microgrids.
Will facilitate the deployment of protection systems through different approaches to detect
problems and protect microgrids. The standard will address protection configuration and
challenges, protection system structures, modes of operation, system coordination, requirements
for microgrid energy management, and communication system structures.
These requirements cover inverters, converters, charge controllers, and interconnection
system equipment (ISE) intended for use in stand-alone or grid-connected power systems. Provides
specifications for characteristics that can impact interconnection operations and safety.
Supplement-A: Grid support-Utility interactive equipment
Supplement-B: Compatibility with IEEE 1547.1
Product safety standard for DERs and storage systems. Will provide insight into the characteristics
of DER and microgrid functionalities that facilitate protection.

IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2022

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