IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2023 - 27

increase the adoption rate of renewable energy. This will
define transition of the IBR from GFL mode to GFM mode
to enhance the reliability of the electric grid.
Some standards already implicitly define GFL and
GFM modes of operation in a limited number of applications.
Such is the case for a microgrid. The IBR operate
in GFL mode in a grid-connected microgrid, and one IBR
can be operated in GFM in an islanded microgrid. This
IBR defines the microgrid voltage and frequency reference
for islanded mode.
The operation of IBR in future grids, either in GFL mode
or GFM mode, will depend upon grid operating requirements
as more RES are deployed.
About the Authors
Leo Casey, Ph.D. (Fellow, IEEE) is the Power Systems
Lead Engineer at Google X. Prior to that, he was Satcon's
Chief Technology Officer and EVP of Engineering.
He has over 35 years of experience in power electronics
and power engineering, including ultimate responsibility
for the design and commercialization of numerous
utility scale power conversion products. He
received the B.S. degree from the University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand, and the M.S. and Ph.D.
degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA, USA. He is a member of IEEE SCC21Task
Force on Advanced Inverters.
Johan H. Enslin, Ph.D. (jenslin@clemson.edu) (Fellow,
IEEE) is the Duke Energy Endowed Chaired Professor
in Smart Grid at Clemson University, North Charleston, SC,
USA. He has combined a 40-year career with leadership in
industry and academia, in the US, Europe, and South Africa.
He is a life-long leader in the IEEE and CIGRÉ working
groups and committees and serves currently as the VicePresident
Industry and Standards at the IEEE Power Electronics
Society. He is a member of IEEE SCC-21Task Force
on Advanced Inverters.
Géza Joós, Ph.D. (Fellow, IEEE) is a Professor of electrical
and computer engineering at McGill University, Montreal,
QC, Canada, where he holds the NSERC/Hydro-Quebec
Industrial Research Chair on the Integration of Renewable
Energies and Distributed Generation into the Electric
Distribution Grid. He held positions in industry (ABB Canada),
and academia (Concordia University, Canada). He is
active in IEEE Standards Development and CIGRE working
groups. He is a member of IEEE SCC-21Task Force on
Advanced Inverters.
Mark Siira is the Chairperson of IEEE Standards Coordinating
Committee (Sponsor for IEEE 1547, IEEE 2800,
and IEEE 2030 standards) IEEE-SA. The IEEE SC21 oversees
the development of standards in the areas of smart grid
interoperability, fuel cells, photovoltaics (PVs), dispersed
generation, and energy storage. SC21 reports directly to the
IEEE-SA Standards Board. He received the M.B.A. degree
from Harvard and the B.S.M.E. degree from Kettering University.
He is a member of IEEE SCC-21Task Force on
Advanced Inverters.
Bogdan Borowy, Ph.D. is the Senior Chief Engineer
at Eaton Research Labs, Milwaukee, WI, USA. He has
more than 35 years of corporate and academic research
and development experience with a Ph.D. degree from the
University of Massachusetts, USA. He has domain expertise
combining power electronics, power converters,
motor drives, power systems, modeling and simulations,
dynamic control, automated reasoning, optimization,
design of embedded systems, artificial intelligence, and
robotics. He is a member of IEEE SCC-21Task Force on
Advanced Inverters.
Chase Sun, P.E. is a Retired Principal Engineer with
PG&E, San Francisco, CA, USA. He joined PG&E in 1977
and worked in various departments including, distribution
planning, switchyard engineering, alternative energy engineering,
power plant engineering, station construction,
project management, substation asset management, distribution
protection, substation maintenance, and transmission
planning. He was on the IEEE-929, and Rule 21 standard
working groups. He received the B.S.E.E. degree
from UC Berkeley and a licensed Electrical Engineer in
California, since 1981. He is a member of IEEE SCC21Task
Force on Advanced Inverters.
References
[1] NERC, " 2022 Odessa disturbance-Texas event: June 4, 2022, " North
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[2] D. Pattabiraman, R. H. Lasseter, and T. M. Jahns, " Comparison of grid
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OR, USA, Aug. 2018, pp. 1-5.
[3] Y. Lin et al., " Research roadmap on grid-forming inverters, " IEEE-SA
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[4] FERC Order 661, Final Rule on Interconnection for Wind Energy,
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[5] IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV)
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[7] IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed
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[8] IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
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[9] IEEE Standard for the Specification of Microgrid Controllers, IEEE
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[11] IEEE Guide for Distributed Energy Resources Management Systems
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June 2023 z IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 27
IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2023

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