IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2023 - 37

stability. The system is seen as a weak grid when SCR is
lower than 2.0 [12], while SCR approaching to 1.0 indicates
an ultra-weak grid that can destabilize the WPP. The GFM
control used in the E-STATCOM allows it to act like a voltage
source, which helps to strengthen the voltage stability
at the POI of the WPP. This, in turn, improves the equivalent
SCR and helps to reduce the negative effects that the WPP
might have on the power grid.
Further, the E-STATCOM can be controlled to selectively
dampen low-order (5th, 7th, ...) harmonic voltages
at the POI of WPP [13]. The general idea is to shape the
output impedance of E-STATCOM, ZVh(s), as a resistance
at harmonic frequencies of concern. To prevent adverse
interactions between harmonic control and the WPP, the
passivity-based design is reported in [13]. Thus, the lossy
passive filters and the harmonic stability issues induced by
passive filters can be avoided.
Performance Demonstration of E-STATCOM
1) Active Sub-Synchronous Resonance Damping
A comparison of conventional STATCOM and E-STATCOM
is given as follows to demonstrate the active damping
capability of the latter. A step response test (0.045 p.u.) of
active power output of the WPP is performed under a weakgrid
condition, where the SCR is 1.63 at the collector bus
(B1) of WPP. Three cases are evaluated-1) no STATCOM is
FIG 2 Main power circuit and system configuration of E-STATCOM.
FIG 3 Block diagram of GFM control and equivalent circuit of E-STATCOM.
June 2023 z IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 37

IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - June 2023

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