IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2014 - 14

PLLIN

Phase Det

FN

50 k
RLP PLLFLTR

CLK1

CLP

Oscillator

CLK2
CLK3

FCB
+
0.6 V

Drop
Out
Det

FCB

-

PGOOD

+

100-ns
Delay

0.66 V
Gain

+

Protection

IN+

0.54 V

R1
20 k

0.600 V
0.660 V
ITH
CC
RC

FCB

SS
Clamp 2.4 V

R2 Variable
5-bit VID Decoder

VCC

54 k

+

CIN

BG

L

VCC
+
36 k Sense
36 k Sense

Shed
VCC

CB

PGND

5(VFB)
0.86 V

EA
+
OV
+
-

TG

Bot

l1 - + + l2
+ V
+
V
3 mV
Slope
Comp

AMPOUT

DB

SW

Switch
Logic
B

Boost
Top

Shon

A1
+

VFB

Bot
Force Bot

R Q

0.55 V

IN-

Gain

S Q

RS
Latch

VIN

VCC

Duplicate for Second and Third
Controller Channels

-

RSense

+

54 k

0.600 V

Shon Run
Internal
1.5 nA RST Soft
Supply
5(VFB) Start
6V
UV Reset

VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID4

COut

VOut

VRef
VCC
SGND

VCC
+

CDC

RUN/SS
CSS

fig 5 Linear Technology's three-phase synchronous controller family LTC3730/3731 with on-board MOSFET drivers was released
in November 2002. (Figure courtesy of Linear Technology.)

quiescent current with the advantages
of the reduced geometry and low
power of CMOS technology. It also
leveraged the benefits of scaling digital circuits. The first PWM controller
to exploit biCMOS was Unitrode's
UCC3800 series (Figure 3), which was
introduced in the mid-1990s as a successor to the UC3842.
Interestingly, as per Mammano's
APEC 2007 plenary talk, the bipolarbased UC3842 employed a geometry
of 7.5 nm at a cost of US$1.75. By comparison, the biCMOS based UCC3802
utilized 3.0-nm geometry and cost of
US$0.85, enabling a new generation
of high-performance switching pow-

14

IEEE PowEr ElEctronIcs MagazInE

er supplies offering higher efficiency
and power density at lower cost.
Similarly, the attributes of PWM
controllers were extended for powerfactor-correction (PFC) improvement
in ac-dc switchers, resulting in a
new line of controller ICs in the early
1990s. Unitrode, which was acquired
by TI in 1999, released PFC controller
UC3854 in 1991. Called the high-power-factor preregulator, it was tailored
for active PFC in power systems that
otherwise would draw nonsinusoidal
current from sinusoidal power lines.
For that, it integrated a voltage amplifier, an analog multiplier/divider,
a current amplifier, and a fixed-fre-

z	September 2014

quency PWM drive on a chip. In addition, the UC3854 chip also contained
a power metal-oxide-semiconductor
field-effect transistor (MOSFET)compatible gate driver, 7.5-V reference, line anticipator, load-enabled
comparator, low-supply detector, and
overcurrent comparator. In short, it
implemented all the control functions
required to build a power supply with
a 0.99 power factor and minimal line
current distortion [3].
Simultaneously, the drive for
higher efficiency and density also
motivated SMPS designers to adopt
synchronous rectification to cut the
conduction losses experienced in



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power Electronics Magazine - September 2014

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