White Hot (continued from page 92) dc link capacitors integrated into the assembly. To make a three-phase active rectifier or inverter all that is needed is to add a controller. This level of packaging now seems to be well developed and readily available in the market. Another level of integration is the multi-chip module. Here I mean individual semiconductor die mounted on a common substrate. The die can be connected by a number of means including wire bonds and lead frames. The die can also be flip-chip mounted onto conductors on an interposer board. A very common example of this level of integration is the endless variety of IGBT modules, in a wide array of configu- rations and ratings available today. Multi-chip modules made with silicon MOSFETs are also widely available. These are particularly popular for appliance and white good motor drive applications where the smaller size is advantageous. If you have ever used a MOSFET rated at 100 A it is very likely that what you have actually used was a multi-chip module with two or more carefully matched MOSFET die hiding in one package. Now multi-chip module packages with SiC devices are be coming readily available, although at this time they are still relative ly expensive. Another example of a multi-chip module is the combination of a driver(s) with one or two MOSFETs in a package ca lled a "DrMOS". DrMOS devices were introduced some years back to reduce the size and cost of on-board voltage regulator modules (VRMs) that power high performance processors. Aside from the size reduction, the minimization of the gate drive loop and common source inductances improves the switching performance by reducing the energy loss in each switching cycle. So if co-packaging the driver and switch improves switching performance, what about putting them both on the same die? This has been done for a long time. Take a look at any dc-dc converter chip and you IEEE PEM_20200817-7inx4.8in-outline.pdf 1 2020/8/18 上午 10:16:02 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K September 2020 z IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 87